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Context: The proportion of women workers participating in the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) has touched a 10-year high in the financial year 2022-23.
According to the latest statistics available with the Union Rural Development Ministry, 57.8% of the workers who used the scheme this year were women, their highest level of participation since 2012-13.
The growth spike was higher in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, which showed the most improvement in this regard this year.
Uttar Pradesh,
Gujarat, Assam,
Jharkhand,
Odisha,
Madhya Pradesh and
Maharashtra
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, MGNREGA, is an Indian labour law and social security measure that aims to guarantee the ‘right to work’. This act was passed in September 2005.
It aims to enhance livelihood security in rural areas by providing at least 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.
It covers all districts of India except the ones with 100% urban population.
MGNREGA is to be implemented mainly by gram panchayats (GPs). The involvement of contractors is banned.
Apart from providing economic security and creating rural assets, NREGA can help in protecting the environment, empowering rural women, reducing rural-urban migration and fostering social equity, among others.
The MGNREGA wage rates are fixed according to changes in the CPI-AL (Consumer Price Index-Agriculture Labour), which reflects the increase in the inflation in rural areas.
In 1991, the P.V Narashima Rao government proposed a pilot scheme for generating employment in rural areas with the following goals:
Employment Generation for agricultural labour during the lean season.
Infrastructure Development
Enhanced Food Security
This scheme was called the Employment Assurance Scheme which later evolved into the MGNREGA after the merger with the Food for Work Programme in the early 2000s.
It gives a significant amount of control to the Gram Panchayats for managing public works, strengthening Panchayati Raj Institutions.
Gram Sabhas are free to accept or reject recommendations from Intermediate and District Panchayats.
It incorporates accountability in its operational guidelines and ensures compliance and transparency at all levels.
Provide 100 days of guaranteed wage employment to rural unskilled labour
Decrease migration of labour from rural to urban areas.
Enhancement of livelihood security to the households in rural areas by providing round the year employment with minimum guarantee of one hundred days of wage employment in a financial year to every household volunteer to do unskilled manual work.
Secondary objective includes creation of assets for development of rural areas.
Financial assistance shall be provided by Central and State Governments in the ratio of 90:10 respectively.
Scheme is open to all rural households who are in need of wage employment and desire to do manual and unskilled work.
Period of employment should ordinarily be at least fourteen days continuously with not more than six days in a week.
Priority to works where at least one third of wage seekers are women.
Gram Panchayat shall register the household.
The programme will be implemented through Panchayati Raj Institutions.
The Chief Executive Officer is designated as District Programme Coordinator for implementation of the Act/Scheme in the district.
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