Explanation:

 Federal Features
Two sets of government: India has two sets of government - the Central or Union government and the State government. The Central government works for the whole country and the State governments look after the States. The areas of activity of both the governments are different.
Division of Powers: The Constitution of India has divided powers between the Central government and the state governments. The Seventh Schedule of the Constitution contains three lists of subjects which show how division of power is made between the two sets of government. Both the governments have their separate powers and responsibilities.
Written Constitution: The Constitution of India is written. Every provision of the Constitution is clearly written down and has been discussed in detail. It is regarded as one of the longest constitutions of the world which has 395 Articles 22 Parts and 12 Schedules.
• Supremacy of the Constitution: The Constitution is regarded as the supreme law of the land. No law can be made which will go against the authority of the Constitution. The Constitution is above all and all citizens and organizations within the territory of India must be loyal to the Constitution.
• Supreme judiciary: The Supreme Court of India is the highest court of justice in India. It has been given the responsibility of interpreting the provisions of the Constitution. It is regarded as the guardian of the Constitution.
• Bi-cameral legislation : In India, the legislature is bi-cameral. The Indian Parliament, i.e., the legislature has two houses - the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. The Rajya is the upper house of the Parliament representing the States while the Lok Sabha is the lower house representing the people in general.

Unitary Features
division of power is not equal : In a federation, power are divided equally between the two governments. But in India, the Central government has been given has been given more powers and made stronger than the State governments.
• Constitution is not strictly rigid : The Constitution of India can be amended by the Indian Parliament very easily. On many subjects, the Parliament does not need the approval of the State legislatures to amend the Constitution. But in a true federation, both the Union and the State legislatures take part in the amendment of the Constitution with respect to all matters. Therefore, those constitutions are rigid and difficult to amend.
• Single Constitution: In India, we have only one Constitution. It is applicable to both the Union as a whole and the Stares. There are no separate constitutions for the States. In a true federation, there are separate constitutions for the union and the States.
• Centre’s control over States: The Centre exercises control over the States. The States have to respect the laws made by the central government and can not make any law on matters on which there is already a central law. The centre can also give directions to the States which they must carry out.
• Rajya Sabha does not represent the States equality: In a true federation, the upper house of the legislature has equal representation from the constituting units or the States. But in our Rajya Sabha, the States do not have equal representation. The populous States have more representatives in the Rajya Sabha than the less populous States.

The upper house of the Indian Parliament, that is, the Rajya Sabha is not properly representative of all the States of Indian union.
• Existence of States depends on the Centre: In India, the existence of a State or a federating unit depends upon the authority of the Centre. The boundary of a State can be changed by created out of the existing States.
• Single citizenship: In a true federal state, citizens are given dual citizenship. First, they are the citizens of their respective provinces or States and then they are the citizens of the federation. In India however, the citizens enjoy single citizenship, i.e., Indian citizenship or citizenship of the country as a whole.
• Unified judiciary: India has a unified or integrated judicial system. The High Courts which work in the States are under the Supreme Court of India. The Supreme Court is the highest court of justice in the country and all other subordinate courts are under it.
• Proclamation of emergency: The Constitution of India has given emergency powers to the President. He can declare emergency in the country under three conditions. When emergency is declared, the Union or Central governments become all powerful and the State governments come under the total control of it. The State governments lose their autonomy. This is against the principles of a federation.