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Multiple Choice Questions

With the reference to the salient features of the Government of India Act 1919 consider the followin...........

Indian Polity (CDS) Evolution and Features of Constitution

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With the reference to the salient features of the Government of India Act 1919, consider the following statements:

1. Dyarchy in the provinces

2. Relaxation of central control over the provinces

3. The Indian legislature was made more representative

Which of the statements given above are correct?

1 and 2

2 and 3

1 and 3

1, 2 and 3

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Explanation:

Government of India Act, 1919 also known as Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms came into force in 1921 .

Features of Government of India Act 1919:

The Act introduced diarchy (rule of two individuals/parties) for the executive at the level of the provincial government. The provincial governments were given more powers under the system of Dyarchy. The governor was to be the executive head in the province.
It required that the three of the six members of the Viceroy’s executive Council (other than the commander-in-chief) were to be Indian.
Subjects were divided into two lists: ‘reserved’ and ‘transferred’. All important subjects were kept in the reserved subjects of the Provincial Executive. The transferred subjects were to be administered by ministers nominated from among the elected members of the legislative council.
The Act made the Governor-General the chief executive authority. The Central Legislature was made more powerful and more representative by this Act.
The Act introduced bicameral legislature; the Lower House or Central Legislative Assembly and the Upper House or Council of State. The Legislature was addressed by the Viceroy.
It separated, for the first time, provincial budgets from the Central budget and authorised the provincial legislatures to enact their budgets.
The legislature of India could not change or reverse any law passed by the British Parliament in relation to India.
It provided for the establishment of a public service commission. Hence, a Central Public Service Commission was set up in 1926 for recruiting civil servants.
The system of communal and class electorates was further consolidated providing separate electorates for Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians and Europeans.
It granted franchise to a limited number of people on the basis of property, tax or education.
Women were also given the right to vote.
The legislative councils could reject the budget but the governor could restore it, if necessary.
The legislators enjoyed freedom of speech.
It provided for the appointment of a statutory commission to inquire into and report on its working after ten years of its coming into force. (Simon Commission)