The Indian Navy and the French Navy will carry out the 23rd edition of their bilateral naval exercise, VARUNA, from March 19 to 22.

• The exercise has been an important part of India-France maritime cooperation since it began in 2001 and reflects the strong naval partnership between the two countries.
• VARUNA 2025 will focus on improving coordination and cooperation between the two navies. The exercise will include various drills and manoeuvres involving underwater, surface, and air operations.
• Key warships and aircraft from both navies will take part, including India’s aircraft carrier INS Vikrant and France’s aircraft carrier FS Charles de Gaulle. Other participants include fighter aircraft, destroyers, frigates, and an Indian Scorpene-class submarine.
• The exercise will feature advanced air defence drills and fighter jet exercises, including mock air combat between India’s MiG-29K and France’s Rafale-M jets.
• Anti-submarine warfare drills will focus on strengthening underwater surveillance, while surface warfare operations will involve coordinated movements and engagements by ships from both navies.
• Maritime patrol aircraft will assist in improving situational awareness, and replenishment-at-sea exercises will boost logistical cooperation.