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Read the following passage and answer the items that follow the passages.

Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only.

By the time children reach class 8, the bulk of them tend to be in the age range of 13 years to 15 years. But in our country, about a quarter of all children in class 8 struggle with reading simple texts and more than half are still unable to do basic arithmetic operations like division. Every year about 25 million young boys and girls from elementary school move into the life that lies for them beyond compulsory schooling. They cannot enter the workforce at least in the organized sector till they are 18. For many families, these children are the first from their families ever to get this far in school. Parents and children expect that such 'graduates' from school will go on to high school and college. Hardly anyone wants to go back to agriculture. On the other hand, abilities in terms of academic competencies are far lower than they should be even based on curricular expectations of class 8.

Question:

Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made :

I. For effective school education, parents have greater role than the governments,

2, School curriculum that conforms to today's requirements and is uniform for thé entire country may address the issues brought out,

Which of the assumptions given above is/are valid?

1. 1 only

2. 2 only

3. Both 1 and 2

4. Neither 1 nor 2

Read the following passage and answer the items that follow the passages.

Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only.

By the time children reach class 8, the bulk of them tend to be in the age range of 13 years to 15 years. But in our country, about a quarter of all children in class 8 struggle with reading simple texts and more than half are still unable to do basic arithmetic operations like division. Every year about 25 million young boys and girls from elementary school move into the life that lies for them beyond compulsory schooling. They cannot enter the workforce at least in the organized sector till they are 18. For many families, these children are the first from their families ever to get this far in school. Parents and children expect that such 'graduates' from school will go on to high school and college. Hardly anyone wants to go back to agriculture. On the other hand, abilities in terms of academic competencies are far lower than they should be even based on curricular expectations of class 8.

Question:

Which one of the following statements best reflects the central idea conveyed by the passage?

1. Total eradication of poverty in the country will resolve the issue* of under-performance of our school-children.

2. Monetary incentives to parents and teachers is a strategi to improve the children's academic performance. 

3. Public policy should ensure that competencies and achievements of young people are aligned with their expectations.

4. India is not going to take advantage of the demographic dividend unless some school pass-outs go back to agriculture.

We take it for granted now that science has a social responsibility, The idea would not have occurred to Newton or Galileo. They thought of science as an account of the world as it is, and the only responsibility that they acknowledged was to tell the truth. The idea  that science is a social enterprise is modern, and it begins at the industrial revolution. We are surprised that we cannot trace a social sense further back, because we nurse the illusion that the industrial revolution ended a golden age.

Question:

Which one of the following statements best reflects the thinking of the author about the science?

1. Science must value the commitment of the scientists.

2. Science is a product of civilized society and must be used for the promotion of scientific awareness in people.

3. Industrial revolution was made possible by the advancements in  science.

4. Science must pursue truth but be responsible for social welfare.

Consider the sequence

A BCD _  _ DABC _ D

that follows a certain pattern. Which one of the following completes the  sequence?

1. B, A, D, C

2. B, A, C, D

3. A, A, C, D

4. A, A, D, C

Two persons P and Q enter into a business. P puts 14,000 more than Q, but P has invested for 8 months and Q has invested for 10 months. If P's share is 400 more than Qs share out of the total profit of  2,000, what is the capital contributed by P? 

1. 30,000

2. 6,000

3. 24,000

4. 20,000

P's salary is 20% lower than Qs salary which is 20% lower than Rs salary. By how much percent is Rs salary more than P's salary?

1. 48.75%

2. 56.25%

3. 60.50%

4. 62.25%

A number is mistakenly divided by 4 instead of multiplying by 4. What is the percentage change in the result due to this mistake?

1. 25%

2. 50%

3. 72.75%

4. 93.75%

In an examination, 80% of students passed in English, 70% of students   passed in Hindi and 15% failed in both the subjects. What is the percentage of students who failed in only one subject?

1. 15%

2. 20%

3. 25%

4. 35%

A father said to his son, "n years back I was as old as you are now. My present  age is four times your age n years back". If the sum of the present ages of the father and the son is 130 years, what  is the difference of their ages? 

1. 30 years

2. 32 years

3. 34 years

4. 36 years

Consider the following 

1. 1 and 2 only

2. 2 and 3 only

3. 1 and 3 only

4. 1, 2 and 3

Read the following two passages and answer the items that follow the passages. Your answersto these items should be based on the passages only,
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, one-third of food produced for human consumption is lost or wasted globally. Food is lost or wasted throughout the supply chain, from initial agricultural production to final household consumption. The increasing wastage also results in land degradation by about 45%, mainly due to deforestation, unsustainable agricultural practices, and excessive groundwater extraction. The eneror spent over wasted food results in about 35 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide production every year. Decay also leads to harmful emissions of other gases in the atmosphere. Addressing the loss and wastage of food in all forms is critical to complete the cycle of food sufficiency and food sustainability. 

Question:

1. 1, 2 and 3

2. 2 and 3 only

3. 1, 3 and 4

4. 1, 2 and 4

Read the following two passages and answer the items that follow the passages. Your answersto these items should be based on the passages only,
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, one-third of food produced for human consumption is lost or wasted globally. Food is lost or wasted throughout the supply chain, from initial agricultural production to final household consumption. The increasing wastage also results in land degradation by about 45%, mainly due to deforestation, unsustainable agricultural practices, and excessive groundwater extraction. The eneror spent over wasted food results in about 35 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide production every year. Decay also leads to harmful emissions of other gases in the atmosphere. Addressing the loss and wastage of food in all forms is critical to complete the cycle of food sufficiency and food sustainability. 

Question:

1. 1 only

2. 2 only

3. Both 1 and 2

4. Neither 1 nor 2

As inflation rises, even governments previously committed to budget discipline are spending freely to help households. Higher interest rates announced by central banks are supposed to help produce modest fiscal austerity, because to maintain stable debts while paying more to borrow, governments must cut spending or raise taxes. Without the fiscal backup, monetary policy eventually loses traction. Higher interest rates become inflationary, not disinflationary, because they simply lead governments to borrow more to pay rising debt-service costs. The risk of monetary unmooring is greater when public debt rises, because interest rates become more important to budget deficits.

Question:

1. 1 only

2. 2 only

3. Both 1 and 2

4. Neither 1 nor 2

As inflation rises, even governments previously committed to budget discipline are spending freely to help households. Higher interest rates announced by central banks are supposed to help produce modest fiscal austerity, because to maintain stable debts while paying more to borrow, governments must cut spending or raise taxes. Without the fiscal backup, monetary policy eventually loses traction. Higher interest rates become inflationary, not disinflationary, because they simply lead governments to borrow more to pay rising debt-service costs. The risk of monetary unmooring is greater when public debt rises, because interest rates become more important to budget deficits.

Question:

Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made .

1. Fiscal policies of governments are solely responsible for higher prices.

2. Higher prices do not affect the long-term government bonds.

Which of the assumptions given above is/are valid?

1. 1 only

2. 2 only

3. Both 1 and 2

4. (d)  Neither 1 nor 2

1. 8

2. 9

3. 12

4. 16

In the expression 5 * 4 * 3 * 2 * 1, * is chosen from +, --, x each at most two times. What is the smallest nonnegative value of the expression?

1. 3

2. 2

3. 1

4. 0

A certain number of men can COmpIete a piece of work in 6k days, where k is a natural number. By what percent should the number of men be increased so that the work can be completed in 5k days?

1. 10%

2. (50/3)%

3. 20%

4. 25%

X, Y and Z can complete a piece of work individually in 6 hours, 8 hours and 8 hours respectively. However, only one person at a time can work in each hour and nobody can work for two consecutive hours. All are engaged to finish the work. What is the minimum  amount of time that they will take to finish the work?

1. 6 hours 15 minutes

2. 6 hours 30 minutes

3. 6 hours 45 minutes  

4. 7 hours

How many consecutive zeros are there at the end of the integer obtained in the product 1² x 2⁴ x3⁶ x 4^{8  ...} x 25⁵⁰?

1. 50

2. 55

3. 100

4. 200

On January 1st, 2023, a person saved 1. On  ?January 2nd, 2023, he saved 2 more than that on the previous day. On January 3rd, 2023, he saved 2 more than that on the previous day and so on. At the end of which date   was his total savings a perfect square as well a perfect cube?

1. 7th January, 2023  

2. 8th January, 2023

3. 9th January, 2023

4. Not possible

Passage:

The history of science is the real history of mankind.' In this striking epigram, a  nineteenth-century writer links science with its background. Like most epigrams, its power lies in emphasizing by contrast an aspect of truth  which may be easily overlooked. In this case, it is easy to overlook the relations between science and mankind, and to treat the former as some abstract third party, which can somefimes be praised for its beneficial influences, but  international conflict. Is this the inevitable result of the progress of science or does the fault lie elsewhere?

Question:

Which of the following is/ are emphatically conveyed by the author of the passage?

1. Without science, mankind could not have continued to exist till today.

2, It is the science that will ultimately determine the destiny of mankind.

1. 1 only

2. 2 only

3. Both 1 and 2 

4. Neither 1 nor 2

Passage:

The history of science is the real history of mankind.' In this striking epigram, a  nineteenth-century writer links science with its background. Like most epigrams, its power lies in emphasizing by contrast an aspect of truth  which may be easily overlooked. In this case, it is easy to overlook the relations between science and mankind, and to treat the former as some abstract third party, which can somefimes be praised for its beneficial influences, but  international conflict. Is this the inevitable result of the progress of science or does the fault lie elsewhere?

Question:

Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made .

1. The horrors of modern life are the inevitable result of the progress of science.

2.. The aspect of truth likely to be overlooked is that science is what man has made it.

Which of the assumptions given above is/are correct?

1. 1 only

2. 2 only

3. Both 1 and 2

4. Neither 1 nor 2

Only with long experience and opening of improvement, the opening years of the present his wares on many a beach where his language period of civilization have been dominated by   is not spoken, will the merchant come to know the worth of what he carries, and what is parochial and what is universal in his choice. Such delicate goods as justice, love and honour, courtesy, and indeed all the things we care for, are valid everywhere but they are variously moulded and often differently handled, and sometimes nearly unrecognizable if you meet them in a foreign land, and the art of learning fundamental common values is perhaps the greatest gain of travel to those who wish to live at ease among their fellows.

Question:

1. imagination and understanding

2. communities and nationalities

3. local values and universal values

4. friends and foes

Only with long experience and opening of improvement, the opening years of the present his wares on many a beach where his language period of civilization have been dominated by   is not spoken, will the merchant come to know the worth of what he carries, and what is parochial and what is universal in his choice. Such delicate goods as justice, love and honour, courtesy, and indeed all the things we care for, are valid everywhere but they are variously moulded and often differently handled, and sometimes nearly unrecognizable if you meet them in a foreign land, and the art of learning fundamental common values is perhaps the greatest gain of travel to those who wish to live at ease among their fellows.

Question:

With reference to the abovc passage, the following assumptions have been made :

1. Travel leads to an understanding of humans.

2, Travel helps those who wish to learn fundamental common values.

3. A person with long experience in travel can resolve differences amongst people.

Which of the assumptions given above are valid?

1. 1 and 2 only

2. 2 and 3 only

3. 1 and 3 only

4. 1, 2 and 3

Let X be a two-digit number and Y be another two-digit number formed by interchanging the digits of X. If (X + Y) is the greatest two-digit number, then what is the number of possible values of X?

1. 2

2. 4

3. 6

4. 8

1. 40 kg

2. 42 kg

3. 45 kg 

4. 63 kg 

How many times the hour hand and the minute hand coincide in a clock between 10:00 AM to 2:00 PM (same day) ?

1. 3 times

2. 4 times

3. 5 times

4. 6 times

1. 2029

2. 2030

3. 2031

4. 2033

1. 1 and 2 only

2. 2 and 3 only

3. 1 and 3 only

4. 1, 2 and 3

What is the angle between the minute hand and hour hand N,vhen the clock shows 4:25 hours?

1. 12.5^o

2. 15^o

3. 17.5^o

4. 20^o

Today  if we consider cities such as New York, London and Paris as some of the most iconic cities in the world, it is because plans carrying a heaw systems approach were imposed on their precincts. The backbone of the systems theory is the process of translating social, spatial and cultural desirables into mathematical models using computing, stafistics, optimization and an algorithmic way of formulating and solving problems. The. early universities of the West which began to train professionals in planning, spawned some of the most ingenious planners, who were experts in these domains. This was because these very subjects were absorbed into the planning  curriculum that had its roots in the social sciences, geography and architecture. Planning in India, and its education differ from the West.

Question:

1. Curriculum for urban planning courses should have diverse and interdisciplinary approach.

    

2. In India, city administration is under bureaucracy which lacks formal training in urban planning and management,

3. In India, the management of urban areas is a local affair with a chronic problem of insufficient funds.

4. With high density of population and widespread poverty in our urban areas, planned development in them is very difficult.

Today  if we consider cities such as New York, London and Paris as some of the most iconic cities in the world, it is because plans carrying a heaw systems approach were imposed on their precincts. The backbone of the systems theory is the process of translating social, spatial and cultural desirables into mathematical models using computing, stafistics, optimization and an algorithmic way of formulating and solving problems. The. early universities of the West which began to train professionals in planning, spawned some of the most ingenious planners, who were experts in these domains. This was because these very subjects were absorbed into the planning  curriculum that had its roots in the social sciences, geography and architecture. Planning in India, and its education differ from the West.

Question:

1. 1 only

2. 2 only

3. Both 1 and 2

4. Neither 1 nor 2

Not every voice on the internet commands the same kind of audience. When anonymous private entities with high capital can pay for more space for their opinions, they are effectively buying a louder voice. If political discourse in the digital sphere is a matter of outshining one's opponent till the election is won, then the quality of politics suffers. The focus of social media is restricted to the
promotion of content that gcncrates more user engagement, regardless of how inflammatory the content may be.

Question:

1. Constructed as a marketplace of views, social media ensures instant access to information.

2. Social media are not ideal or moral institutions but the products built by companies to make profits.

3. Social media have been created to  democracies.

4. In today's world, social media are inevitable for well-informed social life.

Not every voice on the internet commands the same kind of audience. When anonymous private entities with high capital can pay for more space for their opinions, they are effectively buying a louder voice. If political discourse in the digital sphere is a matter of outshining one's opponent till the election is won, then the quality of politics suffers. The focus of social media is restricted to the
promotion of content that gcncrates more user engagement, regardless of how inflammatory the content may be.

Question:

1. 1 only

2. 2 only

3. Both 1 and 2

4. Neither 1 nor 2

1. 2 and 3 but not 37

2. 3 and 37 but not 2

3. 2 and 37 but not 3

4. 2, 3 and 37

What percent of water must be mixed with honey so as to gain 20% by selling the mixture at the cost price of honey?

1. 20%

2. 10%

3. 5%

4. 4%

What is the rightmost digit preceding the zeros in the value of 30³⁰ ?

1. 1

2. 3

3. 7

4. 9

421 and 427, when divided by the same number, leave the same remainder 1. How many numbers can be used as the divisor. in order to get the same   remainder 1?

1. 1

2. 2

3. 3

4. 4

A can X contains 399 litres of petrol and a can Y contains 532 litres of diesel. They are to be bottled in bottles of equal size   so that whole of petrol and diesel would be separately bottled. The bottle capacity in• terms of litres is an integer. How many different bottle sizes are possible

1. 3

2. 4

3. 5

4. 6

1. 1 and 2 only

2. 2 and 3 only

3. 1 and 3 only

4. I, 2 and 3

In a robust democracy, reality, howsoever inconvenient it may be, finds its expression both in the speech of political leaders and the other social forms of assertion. The existence of the real has to be transparent, both through its circulation in and by the media as well as its argumentative articulation in deliberative democracy. A normatively responsible media through its communication effect has the responsibility to circulate the content of reality 
without distortion.

Question:

Which one of the following statements best reflects the crux of the above passage?

1. Responsible media should not distort the real in an ideal democracy.

2. Fake news seems inherent in the life of an ideal democracy.

3. There should not be any kind of restrictions on the freedom of expression in an ideal democracy.

4. Irresponsible media and political leaders cannot be effectively controlled in an ideal democracy.

A Question is given followed by two statements I and II . Consider the question and statement:

Question :

What is the unique values of x and y , where x,y are distinct natural numbers ?

Statement I :- x/y is odd

Statement II :- xy is 12

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above question and statements ?

1. The Question can be answered by using one of the statements alone , but can not be answered using the other statement alone .

2. The Question can be answered by using either of the statement .

3. The Question can be answered by using both the statements together , but cannot be answered using either statement alone .

4. The Question cannot be answered even by using both the statements together .

A Question is given followed by two Statements I and II. Consider the Question and the Statements.

A certain amount was distributed among X, Y and Z.

Question: Who received the least amount?

Statement-I: X received 4/5 of what Y and Z together received.

Statement-II: Y received 2/7 of what X and Z together received.

Which one of the following is correct Ein respect of the above Question and the Statements ?

1. (a) The Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot be answered using the other Statement alone

2. (b) The Question can be answered by using either Statement alone

3. (c) The Question can be answered by using both the Statements together, but cannot be answered using either Statement alone

4. (d) The Question cannot be answered even by using both the Statements together

A Question is given followed by two Statements I and II. Consider the Question and the Statements.

Question: If the average marks in a class are 60, then what is the number of students in the class ?

Statement-I: The highest marks in the class are 70 and the lowest marks are 50.

Statement-II: Exclusion of highest and lowest marks from the class does not change the average.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the Statements ?

1. (a) The Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot be answered using the other Statement alone

2. (b) The Question can be answered by using either Statement alone

3. (c) The Question can be answered by using both the Statements together, but cannot be answered using either Statement alone

4. (d) The Question cannot be answered even by using both the Statements together

A Question is given followed by two Statements I and II. Consider the Question and the Statements. 

There are three distinct prime numbers whose sum is a prime number.

Question: What are those three numbers ?

Statement-1: Their sum is less than 23. 

Statement-II: One of the numbers is 5.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the Statements ?

1. (a) The Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot be answered using the other Statement alone

2. (b) The Question can be answered by using either Statement alone

3. (c) The Question can be answered by using both the Statements together, but cannot be answered using either Statement alone

4. (d) The Question cannot be answered even by using both the Statements together

A Question is given followed by two Statements I and II. Consider the Question and the Statements.

Question: Is (x+y) an integer ?

Statement-1: (2x+y) is an integer.

Statement-II: (x+2y) is an integer.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the Statements ?

1. The Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot be answered using the other Statement alone

2. The Question can be answered by using either Statement alone

3. The Question can be answered by using both the Statements together, but cannot be answered using either Statement alone

4. The Question cannot be answered even by using both the Statements together

A Question is given followed by two Statements I and II. Consider the Question and the Statements.

A person buys three articles p, q and r for 50. The price of the article qis 16 which is the least.

Question:What is the price of the article p?

Statement-1:The cost of p is not more than that of r.

Statement-II:The cost of r is not more than that of p.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the Statements ?

1. The Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot be answered using the other Statement alone

2. The Question can be answered by using either Statement alone .

3. The Question can be answered by using both the Statements together , but cannot be answered using either the Statement alone .

4. The Question cannot be answered by using both the Statements together .

    

A Question is given followed by two Statements I and II. Consider the Question and the Statements.

P, Q, R and S appeared in a test.

Question: Has P scored more marks than Q?

Statement-I: The sum of the marks scored by P and Q is equal to the sum of the marks scored by Rand S

Statement-II: The sum of the marks scored by Pand S is more than the sum of the marks scored by Q and R.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the Statements ? 

1. The Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot be answered using the other Statement alone

2. The Question can be answered by using either Statement alone

3. The Question can be answered by using both the Statements together, but cannot be answered using either Statement alone

4.  The Question cannot be answered even by using both the Statements together

What is the number of fives used in numbering a 260-page book ?

1. 55

2. 56

3. 57

4. 60

What is the sum of the first 28 terms in the following sequence 1,1,2,1,3,2,1,4,3,2,1,5,4,3,2,….?

1. 83

2. 84

3. 85

4. 86

A person buys three articles P,Q and R for Rs. 3330 . If P costs 25% more than R and R costs 20% more than Q , then what is cost of P ? 

1. Rs. 1110 

2. Rs. 1200

3. Rs. 1250

4. Rs. 1350

If the sum of the two digit number AB and CD is the three digit number 1CE , where the letters A,B,C,D and E denote distinct digits , then what is the value of A ?

1. 9

2. 8

3. 7

4. Cannot be insufficient data determined due to insufficient data.

Three numbers x, y, z are selected from the set of the first seven natural numbers such that x > 2y > 3z. How many such distinct triplets (x, y, z) are possible ? 

1. One triplet

2. Two triplet

3. Three triplet

4. Four triplet

The total cost of 4 oranges, 6 mangoes and 8 apples is equal to twice the total cost of 1 orange, 2 mangoes and 5 apples. Consider the following statements:

1. The total cost of 3 oranges, 5 mangoes and 9 apples is equal to the total cost of 4 oranges, 6 mangoes and 8 apples.

2. The total cost of one orange and one mango is equal to the cost of one apple.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ? 

1. 1 only

2. 2 only

3. Both 1 and 2

4. Neither 1 nor 2

A Question is given followed by two Statements I and II. Consider the Question and the Statements.

Age of each of P and Q is less than 100 years but more than 10 years. If you interchange the digits of the age of P, the number represents the age of Q.

Question:What is the difference of their ages?

Statement-I: The age of P is greater than the age of Q.

Statement-II: The sum of their ages is 11/6 times their difference.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the Statements ?

1. The Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot be answered using the other Statement alone

2. The Question can be answered by using either Statement alone

3. The Question can be answered by using both the Statements together, but cannot be answered using either Statement alone

4. The Question cannot be answered even by using both the Statements together

    

A Main Statement is followed by four Statements labelled P, Q, R and S Choose the ordered pair of the Statements where the first Statement implies the second, and the two Statements are logically consistent with the Main Statement.

Main Statement:

Pradeep becomes either a Director or a Producer.

Statement P: Pradeep is a Director.

Statement Q: Pradeep is a Producer.

Statement R: Pradeep is not a Director.

Statement S: Pradeep is not a Producer.

Select the correct answer ? 

1. SP only

2. RQ only

3.  Both SP and RQ

4. Neither SP nor RQ

If a + b means a - b ; a - b means a x b ; a x b means a ÷ b ;  a ÷ b means a + b then what is the value of 10 + 30 - 100 * 50 +25 ? (Operations are to be replaced simultaneously)

1. 15

2. 0

3. -15

4. -25

If P means greater than (>)'; Q means less than (<)'; R means 'not greater than '; S means 'not less than ()' and T means equal to (=)', then consider the following statements:

1. If 2x(S)3y and 3x(T)42, then 9y(P) 8z.

2. If x(Q)2y and y(R)z, then x(R)z.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. 1 only

2. 2 only

3. Both 1 and 2

4. Neither 1 nor 2

If in a certain code, 'ABCD' is written as 24 and 'EFGH' is written as 1680, then how is '1JKL' written in that code?

1. 11880

2. 11240

3. 7920

4. 5940

If in a certain code, POT' is written as ATOP and 'TRAP' is written as APART, then how is 'ARENA' written in that code ?

1. AARENA

2. AANREA

3.  AANEAR

4. AANERA

What will come in place of in the sequence 3, 14, 39, 84, *, 258 ?

1. 150

2. 155

3. 160

4. 176

In some code, letters P, Q, R, S, T represent numbers 4, 5, 10, 12, 15. It is not known which letter represents which number. If Q-S2S and TR+S+3, then what is the value of P+R-T ?

1. 1

2. 2

3. 3

4. Cannot be determined due to insufficient data

    

32⁵ + 2²⁷ is divisible by  ?

1. 3

2. 7

3. 10

4. 11

Let p and q be positive integers satisfying p

1. 3

2. 4

3. 5

4. 6

A person walks 100 m straight from his house, turns left and walks 100 m, again turns left and walks 300 m, then turns right and walks 100 m to reach his office. In which direction does he walk initially from his house if his office is exactly in the North-East direction ?

1. North-West

2. West

3. South

4. South-West

A person walks 100 m Westward, then turns left and walks 100 m. He then takes 225° turn clockwise. In which direction is he walking now ?

1. South-West

    

2. South-East

3. North-West

4. North-East

 A Statement is given followed by two Conclusions numbered I and II. Consider the Statement and the Conclusions.

Statement: India is the world's largest producer of milk.

Conclusion-I:India is the world's largest exporter of milk.

Conclusion-II:India does not import milk.

Which one of the following is correct?

1. Only Conclusion-I follows

2. Only Conclusion-II follows

3. Both Conclusion-I and Conclusion-II follow

4. Neither Conclusion-I nor Conclusion-IN follows . 

A Question is given followed by two statements 1 and 2 . Consider the Question and the Statement .

Question :- What are the values of m and n , where m and n are natural numbers ?

Statement -1 : (m+n) > mn and m>n .

Statement -2 :The product of m and n is 24 .

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the Statement ?

1. The Question can be answered by using one of the statement alone , but can not be answered using the other statement alone .

2. The Question can be answered by using either statement alone  . 

3. The Question can be answered by using both the ststements together , but cannot be answered using either statement alone . 

4. The Question cannot be answered even by using both the statements together .

A Question is given followed by two Statements I and II. Consider the Question and the Statements.

Question: What is the time required to download the software ?

Statement-I: The size of the software is 12 megabytes.

Statement-II: The transfer rate is 2.4 kilobytes per second.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the Statements ?

1. The Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot be answered using the other Statement alone . 

2.  The Question can be answered by using either Statement alone . 

    

3. The Question can be answered by using both the Statements together, but cannot be answered using either Statement alone . 

    

4. The Question cannot be answered even by using both the Statements together . 

Read the following two passages and answer the items that follow the passages. Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only.

passage -1

Conventional classrooms, by emphasizing fixed duration over learning effectiveness, resign themselves to variable outcomes. The tyranny of the classroom is that every learner is subjected to the same set of lectures in the same way for the same duration. In the end, a few learners shine, some survive, and the rest are left behind. After the fixed duration, the classroom model moves on, with not a thought spared for those left behind. This is how we end up with 10 percent employability in our graduates after a decade and half of formal education. Repeating the same ineffectual script in the realm of skill education will not produce different results.

Question:

Which of the following statements best reflects/reflect the most logical and rational inference/inferences that can be made from the passage ?

1. In conventional classroom learning, the central goal is duration of learning rather than attainment of competency.

2. Conventional classrooms encourage one-size-fits-all approach stamp out all differentiation. and

 Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1.  1 only

2. 2 only

3.  Both 1 and 2

4. Neither 1 nor 2

Read the following two passages and answer the items that follow the passages. Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only.

passage -1

Conventional classrooms, by emphasizing fixed duration over learning effectiveness, resign themselves to variable outcomes. The tyranny of the classroom is that every learner is subjected to the same set of lectures in the same way for the same duration. In the end, a few learners shine, some survive, and the rest are left behind. After the fixed duration, the classroom model moves on, with not a thought spared for those left behind. This is how we end up with 10 percent employability in our graduates after a decade and half of formal education. Repeating the same ineffectual script in the realm of skill education will not produce different results.

Question:

Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:

1. As a large number of workers in our country are employed in unorganized sector, India does not need to change its present conventional classroom system of education.

2. Even with its present conventional classroom system of education, India produces sufficient number of skilled workers to fully realize the benefits of demographic dividend.

Which of the assumptions given above is/are valid ?

1. 1 only

2. 2 only

3.  Both 1 and 2

4. Neither 1 nor 2 

When a child reaches adolescence, there is apt to be a conflict between the parents and the child, since the latter considers himself to be by now quite capable of managing his own affairs, while the former are filled with parental solicitude, which is often a disguise for love of power. Parents consider, usually, that the various moral problems which arise in adolescence are peculiarly their province. The options they express, however, are so dogmatic that the young seldom confide in them, and usually go their own way in secret.

Question:

Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:

1. The adolescent does not feel comfortable with his parents because they tend to be dominating and assertive.

2. The adolescent of modern times does not have much respect for parents. Which of the assumptions given above is/are valid?

1. 1 only

    

2. 2 only

    

3.  

   Both 1 and 2

    

4. Neither 1 nor 2

When a child reaches adolescence, there is apt to be a conflict between the parents and the child, since the latter considers himself to be by now quite capable of managing his own affairs, while the former are filled with parental solicitude, which is often a disguise for love of power. Parents consider, usually, that the various moral problems which arise in adolescence are peculiarly their province. The options they express, however, are so dogmatic that the young seldom confide in them, and usually go their own way in secret.

Question:

Which one of the following statements best reflects the central idea of the above passage?

1. Parents in general may not be of much help when children are on their way to becoming adults.

2. When children reach adolescence, involvement of parents in their & lives is unnecessary.

3. Modern-day nuclear families are not capable of bringing up children a properly.

4.  In modern societies, adolescents tend to be stubborn, disobedient and careless.

    

Read the following two passages and answer the items that follow the passages. Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only.

Passage-1

Unlike religion and science, poetry does not posit or expect any belief in absolute truths. Those forces or individuals who claim to have absolute truths in their grasp tend to turn dictatorial and tyrannical. Truth usually does not admit any contradictions or imperfections. It is unitarian. It is, therefore, not of much use for poetry. Poetry abides by the plurality of life and existence. Perhaps poetry follows reality which is plural, anachronistic, full of contradictions. Against the tyranny of truth, poetry remains a partisan of democratic reality. Against the arrogance of power, wealth and hierarchy, poetry proposes both humility and defiance.

Question:

Which one of the following statements best reflects the most logical and rational message conveyed by the above / passage?

1. It is the poetry, not science or religion, which recognizes and accepts imperfections in humans.,

    

2. Truth is revealed through science or religion and poetry is anathema to truth.

    

3.  

   Poetry is romantic, imaginary and is about feeling whereas science and religion are about truth.

    

4.  

   In a world of violence, tyranny and bigotry, poetry is a form of dynamic resistance

Read the following two passages and answer the items that follow the passages. Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only.
Passage-2

The flower was not invented to please us. It flaunted its petals and spread its perfume to attract an insect. The insect carries the pollen from flower to flower so that pollen is not carried away by wind and thus not wasted. What we call a flower's beauty is merely a by-product and a human invention. The perfume is not there to please us, it pleases us because it is there and we have been conditioned to it.

Question:

Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:

1. The author of the passage believes that flowers are Nature's luxury. creations of

2. The author of the passage does not believe in the usefulness of flowers except as things of beauty.

Which of the assumptions given above is/are valid?

1.  1 only

2. 2 only

3.  Both 1 and 2

4. Neither 1 nor 2

Directions for the following : Read the following three passages and answer the items that follow the passages. Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only.

When an international team of scientists pumped a carbon dioxide and water mix into underground basalt rocks, basic chemistry took over. The acidic mixture dissolved rocks' calcium and magnesium and formed limestone. Basically carbon dioxide is converted into stone, exclaimed the scientists.

Question:

Which one of the following statements best reflects the most logical, rational and practical suggestion implied by the passage ?

1.  It is a cheap and practical method to produce limestone at commercial level for building purposes.

2. This can be used as one of the methods of carbon sequestration.

3.  Basalt rock can be made a good source of calcium and magnesium minerals by this method.

4.  Good rock-dissolving acid can be produced by mixing carbon dioxide and water.

    

Directions for the following : Read the following three passages and answer the items that follow the passages. Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only.

Geographers analyzed 175 satellite images of ocean colour, which is an indicator of phytoplankton productivity at the ocean's surface, and found that giant icebergs are responsible for storing up to 20 percent of carbon in the Southern Ocean. The researchers discovered that melting water from giant icebergs which contains iron and other nutrients, supports hitherto unexpectedly high levels of phytoplankton growth.

Question:

Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:

1. Giant icebergs have a bearing on primary productivity and food chains of the Southerm Occan.

2. Melting of giant icebergs can produce climate change effects and impact world fisheries.

Which of the assumptions given above is/are valid?

1. 1 only

2. 2 only

3.  Both 1 and 2

4. Neither 1 nor 2

Directions for the following : Read the following three passages and answer the items that follow the passages. Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only.

Evolution has endowed caterpillars that feed on corn with a unique ability, they can induce the plant to turn off its defence against insect predators. This helps caterpillars to eat more and grow faster. The agent that causes this effect is the caterpillar's faeces or frass. The find could throw new light on compounds associated with plant response to pathogens like fungi or bacteria.

Question:

Which one of the following statements best reflects the most logical, rational and practical message conveyed by the passage?

1. Farmers can use caterpillars to feed on weeds in their crop plantations.

2.  This finding can help in the development of clinically useful antimicrobial compounds.

    

3. This finding can help in the development of organic, ecologically sustainable pesticides.

4. Caterpillars can be genetically modified to be predators of the other plant pests.

Question:

Which one of the following statements best reflects the most logical, rational and practical message implied by the passage?

1. Knowledge of consumer behaviour leads to more capital expenditure in manufacturing sector.

2. Knowledge of consumer behaviour stimulates the growth of commerce and trade and thus helps in the overall economic  development of the country.

3. Interconnected devices give a lot of comfort to home users and improve the overall quality of life.

4. Interconnected devices can be at security risk and home users may have privacy risk.

Green growth involves rethinking growth strategies with regard to the impacts on environmental sustainability and the environmental resources available to poor and vulnerable groups. In rethinking growth, we need to focus on the current reality of a resource-constrained world. Resource intensive and, in particular energy intensive processes will need to make way for more efficient and resource frugal development strategies if we are to avoid an economic dead end or a world in which only a small clite is able to enjoy affluence in the midst of a sea of poverty.

Question:

Which one of the following statements best reflects the crux of the above passage?

1. Environmental sustainability is  inimical to our objective of achieving a high rate of GDP growth.

2. Poverty eradication is not possible without a rapid economic growth  and the consequent environmental degradation.  

3. Maintaining high environmental  standards is now a prerequisite for achieving a steady and inclusive growth. 

4. With large populations, rampant  poverty and limited resources  of today's world, environmental degradation cannot be prevented and inequalities are inevitable.