Explanation:

Statements 1 and 3 are correct

• SC sought replies from the Centre & states on a plea addressing the urgent need for anti-venom availability & snakebite treatment infrastructure to tackle India’s high mortality rate.

• Snakebite envenoming is classified by WHO as a high-priority Neglected Tropical Disease.

Challenges in Snakebite Management

• Scarcity of Anti-Venom: Limited production, inconsistent supply and inadequate stockpiles in prima-ry and secondary health centres delay effective treatment.

• Policy Gaps: No dedicated budget or national-level program exists for snakebite treatment.

• Inadequate Schemes: Ayushman Bharat and NHM (National Health Mission) fail to comprehensively address snakebite-related issues.

Statement 2 is incorrect

• Need for Action:

• Global Leader in Snakebite Deaths: India records approximately 58,000 deaths annually, contrib-uting to nearly 50% of global snakebite fatalities.

• Snakebite ‘Hotspots’: UP, West Bengal, Odisha & AP face disproportionately high incidences.

Hence option 2nd is correct.