Explanation:

Only statements 1&2 are correct.

India’s Cloud Chamber

• Mission Mausam aims to improve weather forecasting in the country and also ‘manage’ certain weather events, and on demand, enhance or suppress rainfall, hail, fog and, later, lightning strikes.

• It was launched by the government on September 2024.

• Cloud Chamber – Towards the end of 2024, India is establishing a first-of-its-kind cloud chamber at the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune.

• A cloud chamber resembles a closed cylindrical or tubular drum, inside which water vapour, aerosols and so are injected. Under the desired humidity and temperature inside this chamber, a cloud can develop.

• The Pune facility will allow scientists to study the seed particles that form cloud droplets or ice particles in a sustained manner.

• Many countries have basic cloud chambers, which have limited functionalities and scope to perform specific studies.

• With Mission Mausam, however, India is building a cloud chamber with convection properties, as required to study Indian monsoon clouds.

• India’s Cloud Chamber is part of Mission Mausam.

Note: Cloud Aerosol Interaction and Precipitation Enhancement Experiment (CAIPEEX) programme – Is an experiment for cloud seeding which was conducted in four phases lasting more than a decade.

Hence option 2nd is correct.