Article 12 has defined the term State which does not includes the following 1 Executive and Legislat...........

Indian Political System(HAS) Articles, Schedules and Amendment

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Article 12 has defined the term 'State' which does not includes the following-

1. Executive and Legislative organs of the Union Government.

2. Government and Legislature of the states.

3. Municipalities, Panchayats, district boards, improvement trusts.

4. Statutory or non statutory authorities like LIC, ONGC, GAIL etc.

5. Private body or agency working as an instrument of the state.

3 and 5 only

4 and 5 only

1 and 4 only

none of the above

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Explanation:

4th option is correct. Article 12 defined the term 'State' which includes:
(a) Government and Parliament of India, that is, executive and legislative organs of the Union government.
(b) Government and legislature of states, that is, executive and legislative organs of state government.
(c) All local authorities that is, municipalities, panchayats, district boards, improvement trusts, etc.
(d) All other authorities, that is, statutory or non-statutory authorities like LIC, ONGC, SAIL, etc.
Later on, According to the Supreme Court, even a private body or an agency working as an instrument of the State falls within the meaning of the ‘State’ under Article 12.