Explanation:

Lord Dalhousie was the youngest governor general. Salient features of his administration:-

       1.   He followed the policy of annexation by annexing Punjab, lower Burma, Oudh and central provinces to the British Empire.

       2.      He annexed the princely states if the rulers died without natural heirs. His doctrine of lapse was the reason many kingdoms were added to the British Empire. This policy was one of the reasons for princes joining the 1857 mutiny.

      3.      The annexation of Oudh affected the sepoy’s of the British army as many came from Oudh. They had privileged positions in the army but after the annexation they became same as the remaining population. This too became a reason for 1857 mutiny.

      4.      He molded the new provinces into a centralized state. He shifted the Bengal artillery to Meerut and Shimla became the permanent headquarters of the army.

       5.      Railways were started in India by him. The reasons were commercial, administrative and defense.

      6.      Telegraph line was laid from Calcutta to diamond harbor. Telegraph and railways were very useful for crushing the 1857 mutiny.

        7.      Post stamps were introduced. Uniform rate of half Anna was charged on post throughout the country.

      8.      The universities of Calcutta, Madras and Mumbai were founded in 1857. John Wilson was first chancellor of Mumbai university and KT Telang was first Indian chancellor.

        9.      He modernized the public works department and laid foundation for engineering service in India.

    He introduced the process of modernization in India and is hailed as The Maker of Modern India.