Explanation:

- Gateway: Gateways are used to connect two networks with different network models. They work as intermediaries, translating protocols to enable communication between diverse systems.

- Router: Routers direct data packets between networks, primarily within the same network protocol, such as different IP networks.

- Switch: Switches operate within a single network, directing data packets within a local network by determining the MAC address of the receiver.

- Hub: Hubs are basic networking devices that connect multiple Ethernet devices within the same network segment, but they do not analyze or redirect data, simply broadcasting it.