Explanation:

- Black soil:

- Also known as Regur soil.

- Predominantly found in the Deccan Plateau.

- Ideal for cotton cultivation.

- Laterite soil:

- Found in hilly areas with high rainfall.

- Rich in iron and aluminum.

- Not widespread in the northern plains.

- Red soil:

- Contains high iron content, giving it a red color.

- Found in southern and eastern parts of India, not the northern plains.

- Alluvial soil:

- Covers about 40% of India.

- Prominent in the northern plains and river valleys.

- Highly fertile, supporting agriculture extensively.