Explanation:

Polyarchy - a concept which was coined by the American political scientist Robert Dahl to signify the acquisition of democratic institutions inside a political system that guides to the participation of a plurality of the actors. Polyarchy, which signifies "rule by many," describes the process of democratization, in contrast to the democracy itself. This form of government was first got defined and implemented in the United States and France and was gradually accepted by various other countries. A polyarchy is a State that has certain defined procedures that are necessary conditions for following the democratic principle.

Central to the appropriate functioning of polyarchy is not only the operation and existence of the institutions but also the existence of the societal groups and of adequate space for them to manoeuvre and organise. The institutionalization of the democratic process of an accountable government is a necessity for the polyarchy, while the establishment of a regime as a fully-fledged democracy is not. The necessary institutions are, according to Dahl:

• Universal suffrage and the right to run the public office • Free and fairly conducted elections for all the adults • Observance and Availability of the right to free speech and for protection to exercise it • The existence of and free access to the alternative information (not controlled by the government) • The undoubted right to form and to join the relatively autonomous organizations —in particular, political parties (and, efficiently, parties in opposition) • Responsiveness of the government (& parties) to voters • Accountability of the government (& parties) to election outcomes and government.