Explanation:

Following the 42nd Constitution (Amendment) Act, 1976, a new Chapter IV-A which comprises of only one Article, i.e. Article 51-A was added which dealt with a Code of 10 Fundamental Duties for citizens. Fundamental duties are planned to serve as a constant reminder to every citizen that while the constitution especially conferred on them certain Fundamental Rights, it even requires citizens to declare certain basic norms of the democratic conduct and also democratic behaviour as the rights and duties are correlative.

FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES It will/shall be the duty of every citizen of India

• to abide by the Constitution and to respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem; • to cherish and to follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom; • to uphold and to protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; • to defend the country and to render national service when called upon to do so; • to promote the spirit of common brotherhood and harmony amongst all the people of India transcending religious, regional or sectional diversities and linguistic; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women; • to value and to preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture; • to protect and to improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife, and to have a compassion for the living creatures; • to progress the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform; • to protect the public property and to abjure violence; • to strive towards the excellence in all the spheres of individual and in collective activity so that the nation uniformly rises to higher levels of endeavour and the achievements; • who is a parent or a guardian to provide opportunities for the education to his child or, as the situation may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years