Explanation:

Palaeoclimatology: It is the study of past climates from the traces which were left behind in the geologic record. It is supposed that the uniformitarian principle has obtained, but this might not be the situation, and the geologic data are invariably insufficient for palaeoclimatological purposes. Dating methods and the palaeogeographic reconstructions are suspect, and repeatedly fossil faunas and floras can't be related easily in terms of the time. Majority of the glacial strata can be dated only within the wide limits, and several climatic criteria leave no mark in the rocks. Palaeoclimatic indicator: One of the main sources from which evidence regarding past climates can be obtained. Such indicators comprise glacial, ice sheets and ice cores, periglacial, Lacustrine deposits, Sedimentary deposits and pluvial deposits, which gives morphological information related to the climate and cave deposits, dunes, and also the dune fields, which give lithologic information. Plants (including pollen), molluscs, beetles, foraminifera and ostracods are among the organisms that have been used to derive the biotic information.