On June 18, 2025, renowned journalist and thinker Ram Bahadur Rai was formally presented the Padma Bhushan at a special event held at the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA) in Delhi.

Though conferred earlier by the President of India, Rai received the award in person from the Ministry of Home Affairs due to his earlier absence at the Rashtrapati Bhavan ceremony.

Key Points:

• The Padma Bhushan award, India’s third-highest civilian honour, was presented to Ram Bahadur Rai by Satpal Chauhan, Director General, Ministry of Home Affairs, at IGNCA.
• Rai is the President of the IGNCA Trust and has over four decades of contribution to Indian journalism, including his work with Jansatta and Hindusthan Samachar.
• He was a noted student leader during the JP Movement and was imprisoned under MISA during the Emergency period.
• Distinguished guests including former Delhi Lt Governor Najeeb Jung attended the ceremony, reflecting Rai’s wide respect across sectors.
• Ram Bahadur Rai was earlier awarded the Padma Shri in 2015 and is known for influential columns and literary works including "Kahat Kabir" and political biographies.

During his historic visit as the first Indian Prime Minister to Cyprus, Narendra Modi received the Grand Cross of the Order of Makarios III—Cyprus’s highest civilian accolade—for his global leadership and efforts in strengthening bilateral relations between India and Cyprus.

Key Points:

Historic Honour:
On June 16, 2025, President Nikos Christodoulides awarded PM Modi the Grand Cross of the Order of Makarios III, the nation’s most prestigious civilian award.

Diplomatic Significance:
The accolade was presented in recognition of Modi’s international leadership and dedication to enhancing India–Cyprus relations, highlighting a new era of strategic cooperation.

Historic First:
Modi became the first Indian Prime Minister to receive this prestigious Cypriot honour, underscoring the deepening ties between the two nations .

Strengthening Ties:
The award ceremony took place during Modi’s official visit to Cyprus, where he engaged with President Christodoulides and key business leaders to explore cooperation in innovation, energy, and trade.

Message of Peace:
In his address, PM Modi emphasized the ethos of peace and diplomacy against the backdrop of rising global tensions. He dedicated the honour to the people of India and reaffirmed India's commitment to global harmony.

This recognition marks a significant milestone in India–Cyprus diplomacy, reinforcing mutual respect and shared values as the two nations look forward to deeper collaboration in strategic and economic fields.

India is set to induct an advanced version of the indigenous Pinaka multi-barrel rocket system with an extended range of up to 300 km. Developed by DRDO, this next-generation artillery system can launch 12 missiles in just 44 seconds and is expected to significantly enhance the Army’s strike capabilities over the next 3–5 years.

Key Points:

1. The new Pinaka missile system, capable of firing 12 missiles in 44 seconds, will have variants with ranges of 120 km and 300 km.

2. DRDO has completed user trials of the Guided Pinaka version, and procurement for army induction is expected soon.

3. The advanced system features automated launch, inertial navigation, and "shoot-and-scoot" capability for increased accuracy and battlefield survivability.

4. The Indian Army plans to induct these systems within 3 to 5 years and aims to raise 22 Pinaka regiments by 2030.

5. Pinaka will complement India's growing air defence ecosystem, which includes Akash, QRSAM, S-400, and Project Kusha (ER-SAM) with coverage up to 400 km.

From June 18 to July 1, 2025, India and France are conducting the eighth edition of Exercise SHAKTI at Camp Larzac in La Cavalerie, France.

The two-week exercise involves 90 Indian Army personnel from the Jammu & Kashmir Rifles and an equal contingent from France’s 13th Foreign Legion, focusing on multi-domain operations in sub-conventional and semi-urban environments.

Key Points:

1. Participants & Location: A 90-member Indian Army contingent, led by the Jammu & Kashmir Rifles, is partnering with France’s 13th Demi-Brigade of the Foreign Legion at Camp Larzac, La?Cavalerie, France.
2. Timing: The biennial Exercise SHAKTI-VIII commenced on June 18 and will continue until July 1, 2025 .
3. Focus Areas: The exercise emphasizes interoperability and operational coordination for multi-domain operations under sub-conventional scenarios and Chapter VII of the UN Charter, with emphasis on semi-urban terrain .
4. Drills & Training: Troops will conduct tactical maneuvers, joint battle drills, intelligence sharing, counter-drone, and heliborne operations, along with tests of endurance and professional engagement .
5. Strategic Significance: SHAKTI reinforces the strong defense partnership between India and France, enhancing mutual trust, readiness, and regional security cooperation

On June 18, 2025, the Indian Navy commissioned INS Arnala, the first indigenously built Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW-SWC), in Visakhapatnam.

Designed to detect and neutralize threats in coastal waters, the vessel marks a major step toward India’s maritime self-reliance under the Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative.

Key Points:

• INS Arnala is the first in a series of 16 shallow-water ASW ships, built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE) with over 80% indigenous components.
• The 77.6-meter, 1,490-tonne ship is India’s largest warship powered by water-jet propulsion, ideal for swift manoeuvres in shallow seas.
• It is equipped with advanced sonar systems, torpedoes, rocket launchers, and underwater communication systems to detect and counter enemy submarines and unmanned underwater vehicles.
• Besides ASW roles, the ship is capable of mine-laying, search and rescue (SAR), coastal surveillance, and low-intensity maritime operations.
• The induction of INS Arnala was seen as a key milestone by naval leadership, strengthening coastal defence and transitioning India from a buyer’s to a builder’s navy.

The Ministry of Road Transport & Highways (MoRTH) has announced plans to open approximately 2,000 driving training schools and 700 drivers' rest-and-learn clubs across India. The initiative aims to enhance driver education, reduce road accidents, and streamline the licensing process.

Key Points:
National Rollout:
MoRTH plans to set up 2,000 driving schools, with each serving as a training and vehicle fitness center to ensure drivers are well-prepared and licensed.

Drivers’ Clubs:
Around 700 drivers’ clubs will be established along national highways, offering rest facilities, health check-ups, and awareness programs aimed at improving driver well-being.

Safety-Driven Mission:
The initiative is part of a broader strategy to lower India’s high road accident toll, attributed largely to driver error. Driving education is being centralized to complement reforms from the Motor Vehicles Act and skill training missions.

Infrastructure & Modernization:
Centers are set to include driving simulators, biometric systems, automated test tracks, classrooms, and digital tools to align with National Skill Qualification Framework (NSQF) standards and improve training quality.

Public–Private Collaboration:
Plans call for public–private partnerships; the government will fund up to ?17.25 crore per Institute of Driving Training & Research (IDTR). Driving schools may also be run by NGOs, private developers, and state agencies.

This major expansion in driver training infrastructure reflects a push toward safer roads, better-trained drivers, and a more efficient licensing ecosystem—backed by modern technology and strategic public-private collaboration.

The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) has significantly improved the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) system, reducing transaction times to just 10 seconds.

This move aims to enhance user experience by ensuring quicker fund transfers and smoother digital payment interactions across the country.

Key Highlights:

• UPI transactions will now be processed in under 10 seconds, down from the previous average of 15–20 seconds.
• The upgrade is expected to significantly improve real-time fund transfers and reduce payment failures.
• The enhancement comes amid growing adoption of UPI, which now records over 14 billion transactions monthly.
• NPCI is also working on improving the backend infrastructure to support increasing volumes and speed.
• Faster UPI transactions are likely to benefit both consumers and merchants, especially during high-demand periods.

On June 17, 2025, India celebrated 50 years of its Crocodile Conservation Project, launched in 1975 with UNDP–FAO support. The project has played a vital role in reviving crocodile populations across the country, especially gharials, saltwater crocodiles, and muggers, through breeding, rehabilitation, and habitat protection.

Key Points:

• The Crocodile Conservation Project was launched in 1975 and began with saltwater crocodile conservation in Odisha’s Bhitarkanika National Park.
• India now supports all three native crocodilian species — saltwater crocodile, mugger, and gharial — across multiple breeding and conservation centers nationwide.
• Odisha is the only state with all three crocodile species and held week-long events to commemorate the 50-year milestone.
• Uttar Pradesh also celebrated the success of gharial conservation at the Kukrail Gharial Rehabilitation Centre, with populations rising from 200 to over 2,000.
• While the project is considered a major conservation success, emerging threats like climate change and human–crocodile conflict now require greater focus on coexistence and habitat resilience.

World Crocodile Day 2025

World Crocodile Day is celebrated every year on June 17. This day is especially celebrated for the protection, conservation and awareness of crocodiles and other reptiles like them such as crocodiles and alligators.Its purpose is to spread global consciousness against the declining number of crocodiles, poaching and destruction of their habitat.

On June 17, 2025, India joined the global community in observing the World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought. The Ministry of Environment hosted a national workshop in Jodhpur, spotlighting efforts to restore degraded lands, especially the ecologically fragile Aravalli range, and promote sustainable land management practices.

Key Points:

1. Global Theme:
   The United Nations observed this year’s day with the theme “Restore Land. Unlock Opportunities.” It emphasized reversing land degradation as a path to improving food security, climate resilience, and sustainable livelihoods.

2. India’s National Workshop in Jodhpur:
   The Arid Forest Research Institute (AFRI) in Jodhpur hosted a major national-level workshop focused on strategies for combating desertification and managing drought. The event was organized by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.

3. Ministerial Participation:
   Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav and Union Minister Gajendra Singh Shekhawat addressed the gathering, calling for community-driven afforestation, groundwater protection, and a scientific approach to combating desertification.

4. Launch of Key Campaigns:

   • Matri Van Campaign: Encourages families and communities to plant native trees, especially in degraded Aravalli regions.

   • Aravalli Green Wall Project: Aims to create a green barrier across 29 districts in four states to prevent desert expansion.

   • Revival of Water Bodies: Under the Amrit Sarovar initiative, several ponds and traditional water sources are being restored to support soil moisture and biodiversity.

5. Haryana’s Restoration Drive:
   The state of Haryana announced a plan to restore over 37,000 hectares of degraded land in the Aravallis by removing invasive species and replanting native flora, involving local communities in the conservation process.

India is set to celebrate the 10th anniversary of International Yoga Day (IDY) on June 21, 2025, with Visakhapatnam chosen as the national host city.

The Ministry of AYUSH and the Andhra Pradesh government are organizing large-scale celebrations under the ambitious ‘Yogandhra’ campaign aimed at public health and employment through yoga.

Key Highlights:

• Visakhapatnam has been selected as the central venue for the 10th International Yoga Day celebrations, reinforcing its growing role in national wellness initiatives.
• The event is expected to witness participation from over 5 lakh people in Visakhapatnam and yoga demonstrations at more than 1 lakh locations across Andhra Pradesh.
• The Andhra Pradesh government is launching the ‘Yogandhra’ campaign, aiming to involve 2 crore people and train 20 lakh certified yoga instructors.
• Officials from the Ministry of AYUSH and state departments have conducted site inspections to ensure seamless arrangements for the large-scale event.
• The initiative supports both the health of citizens and employment generation, promoting yoga as a path to holistic wellness and economic opportuni

The Ministry of Tribal Affairs has launched the DhartiAaba Janbhagidari Abhiyan, India’s biggest tribal outreach campaign to date. Aimed at empowering tribal communities through last-mile delivery of key schemes, the initiative is active from June 15–30, 2025, across over 1 lakh villages in 31 states and UTs.

Key Highlights:

• The campaign covers more than 1 lakh villages across 549 tribal districts and 207 PVTG areas, reaching over 53 lakh tribal citizens.
• It follows a Five-Pillar Model focusing on Janbhagidari, Saturation, Cultural Inclusion, Convergence, and Last-Mile Delivery.
• Over 22,000 camps are being organized to deliver entitlements such as Aadhaar, Ayushman Bharat, PM-Kisan, Ujjwala, Jan Dhan, pensions, and scholarships.
• The campaign promotes community-led implementation, involving district officials, tribal leaders, CSOs, and volunteers.
• It aligns with Janjatiya Gaurav Varsh, honouring tribal heritage and commemorating Bhagwan Birsa Munda.

The central government has issued an official gazette notification to initiate India’s 16th national census, marking a significant return of caste enumeration.

The massive data exercise will run in two phases—beginning October 1, 2026, in snowbound and hilly regions, followed by nationwide implementation from March 1, 2027—with over 3.5 million field staff deployed.

Key Points:

Gazette Notification Issued:
The Home Ministry has released the official gazette notification today, formally launching preparations for the 2027 census, which will include caste enumeration for the first time in India’s independent history.

Two-Phase Enumeration:

Phase I: Scheduled for October 1, 2026, covering Ladakh and snowbound areas of J&K, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand.

Phase II: Will begin March 1, 2027, extending to the rest of India.

Comprehensive Data Collection:

Phase I involves “House Listing” to gather data on housing structures, amenities, and assets.

Phase II covers “Population Enumeration” to capture detailed demographic, socio-economic, cultural—and now caste—information.

Massive Workforce & Digital Tools:
Approximately 3.4 million enumerators and supervisors, along with 130,000 support staff, will conduct the census using mobile apps. An option for self-enumeration will also be provided, with strong data security protocols in place.

Historical Significance:
This will be India's 16th census since inception, and the 8th post-independence—marking a pivotal shift by including caste data, which could influence future policy formulation.

This census promises a richer understanding of India’s social structure and economic landscape, enhancing the foundations for inclusive policymaking and evidence-based planning.

Dassault Aviation has entered into a strategic partnership with Reliance Infrastructure’s Reliance Aerostructure Ltd (RAL) to manufacture Falcon 2000 business jets in India.

This marks the first time Dassault will produce these aircraft outside France, supporting India’s “Make in India” initiative and establishing Nagpur as a key aerospace manufacturing hub.

Key Points:

• Dassault Aviation and Reliance Aerostructure Ltd will jointly manufacture Falcon 2000 LXS business jets at the MIHAN SEZ facility in Nagpur.
• The facility will be upgraded into a global Centre of Excellence for the Falcon series, supporting future models like the Falcon 6X and Falcon 8X.
• The project involves full-scale manufacturing of fuselage, wings, and front sections, with the first India-built Falcon 2000 expected to fly by 2028.
• This move positions India among elite nations like the US, France, Canada, and Brazil in business-jet manufacturing capabilities.
• The announcement aligns with the Indian government’s Atmanirbhar Bharat vision and boosts local aerospace expertise, exports, and high-skilled employment.

Pakistan has secured a $1 billion syndicated financing facility with backing from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) under a five-year term. This marks the country’s return to Middle Eastern financial markets after over two years and supports its ongoing macroeconomic and fiscal reform agenda.

Key Points:

• The $1 billion financing agreement was finalized on June 18, 2025, under ADB’s policy-based guarantee aimed at improving resource mobilization and utilization.
• Around 89% of the facility is structured under Islamic finance standards, with Dubai Islamic Bank and Standard Chartered leading the coordination.
• The deal represents Pakistan’s first return to Middle Eastern capital markets in 2.5 years, reflecting renewed investor confidence.
• The ADB-backed guarantee is linked to reforms in fiscal policy, governance, and domestic revenue mobilization to ensure long-term stability.
• The facility boosts Pakistan’s external liquidity position and complements recent economic improvements, including a reported current account surplus.

India has re-established full diplomatic presence in North Korea by appointing Aliawati Longkumer as Ambassador, marking the first such appointment in four years.

This move follows the reopening of the Indian Embassy in Pyongyang in December 2024, after a prolonged closure due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Key Highlights:

• Aliawati Longkumer, a 2008-batch IFS officer and current Charge d’Affaires in Paraguay, has been appointed as India’s Ambassador to North Korea.
• This is India’s first ambassadorial appointment to North Korea since 2021, when the embassy ceased full operations during the pandemic.
• The Indian Embassy in Pyongyang was reopened in December 2024, resuming official diplomatic activities.
• The reappointment signifies a step towards reviving India–North Korea bilateral relations and maintaining engagement in the East Asian region.
• India continues to maintain its position on regional peace while balancing strategic diplomacy with both Koreas.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi became the first Indian PM to visit Croatia during his European tour after attending the G7 Summit.

The visit was marked by warm reception from the Indian diaspora in Zagreb and fruitful discussions with Croatian leadership, focusing on diplomacy, trade, and strategic cooperation.

Key Points:

• PM Modi arrived in Zagreb on June 18, 2025, becoming the first Indian Prime Minister to visit Croatia, signifying a new chapter in India–Croatia diplomatic relations.
• The Indian diaspora in Croatia gave PM Modi a warm and enthusiastic welcome, showcasing their growing connection and pride in India’s rising global influence.
• In his meeting with Croatian PM Andrej Plenkovic, Modi stressed the importance of dialogue over conflict, saying “no solutions come from the battlefield,” in reference to global tensions.
• Cultural diplomacy was highlighted through traditional Indian gifts such as a brass Bodhi tree and Warli art, symbolizing peace and heritage.
• Discussions during the visit focused on expanding trade, investment, education, and digital technology collaboration, with Croatia’s role in the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) also acknowledged.

Country Profile: Croatia

• Capital: Zagreb – the political, economic, and cultural center of Croatia.
• President: Zoran Milanovic – serving as the President of Croatia since February 2020. He represents the country’s ceremonial and constitutional leadership.
• Prime Minister: Andrej Plenkovic – in office since October 2016, he heads the government and is responsible for national policy and administration.
• Currency: Euro (EUR) – Croatia adopted the euro as its official currency on January 1, 2023, replacing the Kuna (HRK).
• Official Language: Croatian

The Government of India has introduced a Rs. 3,000 FASTag-based annual pass for private vehicles, starting from August 15, 2025. Aimed at reducing travel costs and congestion on national highways, the pass allows up to 200 toll crossings or one year of usage—whichever comes first.

Key Highlights:

• The annual pass costs Rs.3,000 and is valid for either 200 trips or one year, benefiting regular highway commuters.
• It is applicable only to private vehicles (cars, jeeps, vans) with active and valid FASTag registrations.
• The pass is valid across all NHAI-operated toll plazas, but not applicable at state or private toll booths.
• It offers up to 70% savings in toll charges and reduces wait times at plazas, with an estimated ?7,000 annual saving for frequent travelers.
• The pass will be available through the Rajmarg Yatra app and official websites, and it is non-transferable and non-refundable.

The government has appointed IAS officer Anuradha Thakur as a part-time member of SEBI’s board, replacing Ajay Seth, effective June?16, 2025. She will also take charge as Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs, from July?1. Meanwhile, the RBI board is also expected to receive a fresh government notification soon.

Key Points:

• Anuradha Thakur, a 1994-batch Himachal Pradesh cadre IAS officer and current Officer on Special Duty in the Department of Economic Affairs, was appointed as a part-time member of SEBI’s board effective June?16, 2025
• She will succeed Ajay Seth, who retires as Economic Affairs Secretary on June?30, and assumes the Secretary role from July?1, 2025 .
• The SEBI board includes three ex-officio part-time members: the RBI Deputy Governor, Economic Affairs Secretary, and Corporate Affairs 
• The government is expected to issue a similar notification soon appointing a board member to the RBI as well .
• SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India) is India's securities market regulator, headquartered in Mumbai, and its board is currently led by Chairperson Tuhin?Kanta?Pandey.

Amitabh Kant, former CEO of NITI Aayog and India’s G20 Sherpa, resigned from his role on June 16, 2025, marking the end of a distinguished 45-year career in public administration.

Known for his leadership in national policy reforms and international diplomacy, Kant played a key role in India’s global positioning.

Key Points:

• Amitabh Kant officially resigned as India’s G20 Sherpa after serving in the role since July 2022, concluding 45 years of government service.
• A 1980-batch IAS officer of the Kerala cadre, Kant held several pivotal roles including Secretary, DIPP, and CEO of NITI Aayog from 2016 to 2022.
• As G20 Sherpa, he successfully led India’s presidency, securing consensus for the New Delhi Leaders' Declaration amid geopolitical divisions.
• He contributed significantly to key national missions such as Make in India, Startup India, Aspirational Districts, and Green Hydrogen Strategy.
• Kant expressed gratitude to Prime Minister Narendra Modi and shared his future focus on supporting startups, academia, and think tanks to advance the “Viksit Bharat” vision.

Blaise Metreweli, currently MI6’s Director-General for Technology and Innovation (informally the real-world “Q”), is set to assume the role of Chief (“C”) of the Secret Intelligence Service on 1 October 2025, marking the first time in its 116-year history that a woman will lead Britain’s foreign intelligence agency.

Blaise Metreweli’s promotion as the first woman to head MI6 is a groundbreaking development in British intelligence. With her expertise in technology and innovation and a career rooted in global intelligence, her leadership heralds a new era for MI6—uniting tradition, modernization, and gender equity.

• Career & Background
  • ?Joined MI6 in 1999, with early postings in the Middle East during key geopolitical events in the early 2000s.
  • Cambridge-educated anthropologist from Pembroke College and former rower on the 1997 Blue Boat.
  • Heads MI6’s tech and innovation division—often likened to James Bond’s “Q”—and brings deep expertise in intelligence technologies.
• A Breakthrough in Gender Equality
  • Metreweli’s appointment is a significant cultural shift, ending MI6’s all-male leadership tradition and aligning it with MI5 and GCHQ, both of which have previously had female heads.
  • Prime Minister Keir Starmer called the decision “historic”, citing growing threats from China, Russia, and Iran.

Railways Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw inaugurated the country’s largest Gati Shakti Multi-Modal Cargo Terminal at Manesar, Haryana, on June 17, 2025. Developed in partnership with Maruti Suzuki, the terminal is a key step toward enhancing freight movement, reducing emissions, and supporting India’s rail logistics ecosystem under the PM Gati Shakti initiative.

Key Points:

• The terminal is located at Maruti Suzuki’s Manesar plant and covers 46 acres, featuring 8.2 km of electrified tracks and direct rail connectivity via a 10 km link to Patli station.
• It is designed to handle 4.5 lakh vehicles annually, aiming to significantly reduce road congestion, cut carbon emissions by 1.75 lakh tonnes, and save 60 million litres of fuel each year.
• The project cost around Rs.800 crore, with Rs.684 crore funded by HRIDC and the remaining by Maruti Suzuki, reflecting successful public–private collaboration.
• The terminal will connect to over 380 destinations across India, including major ports like Mundra and Pipavav, through the Western Dedicated Freight Corridor.
• Minister Vaishnaw also announced plans to upgrade 100 MEMU trains, introduce more Amrit Bharat Express trains, and strengthen India’s commitment to rail electrification and infrastructure development.

India’s unemployment rate reached 5.6% in May 2025, up from 5.1% in April, according to the latest Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) covering both rural and urban areas.

The rise was driven by a seasonal drop in farm jobs post-harvest, with the impact more pronounced among youth and women, while labour force participation also declined slightly amid ongoing economic growth. 

Key Points

• India’s overall unemployment rate reached 5.6% in May 2025, rising from 5.1% in April, as per the latest PLFS data.
• The spike is largely seasonal—post-Rabi harvest labour demand fell, causing rural farm employment to dip from 45.9% to 43.5%.
• Women’s unemployment edged higher to 5.8%, compared to 5.6% for men, while urban youth (15–29 years) saw joblessness rise from 17.2% to 17.9%, rural youth from 12.3% to 13.7%.
• Labour Force Participation Rate dipped slightly to 54.8%, from 55.6% in April, with rural female participation falling more noticeably.
• Despite these shifts, India’s economy remains strong—Q1 GDP grew 7.4% year-on-year, and full-year growth is projected around 6.5%.

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has lowered the mandatory Priority Sector Lending (PSL) target for Small Finance Banks (SFBs) from 75% to 60% of Adjusted Net Bank Credit (ANBC), effective from FY 2025–26. The move aims to enhance lending flexibility while still promoting financial inclusion.

Key Points:

1. Starting FY 2025–26, SFBs will be required to allocate 60% of their ANBC or Credit Equivalent of Off-Balance Sheet Exposure (CEOBE) to priority sectors, down from the earlier mandate of 75%.
2. The flexible portion of PSL allocation has also been reduced from 35% to 20%, while 40% will still be earmarked for core sectors like agriculture, MSMEs, and housing.
3. The revision is expected to free up approximately Rs.41,000 crore for SFBs, allowing them to redirect credit to less risky and more profitable segments.
4. Following the announcement, shares of key SFBs like Ujjivan, Equitas, and ESAF rallied up to 6%, reflecting positive investor sentiment.
5. While offering operational relief to SFBs, the new norms ensure that a significant share of credit continues to reach underserved sectors and promote financial inclusion.

According to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), India’s All-India House Price Index (HPI) registered a 3.1% year-on-year increase in Q4 FY25. The quarterly growth stood at 0.9%, with Kolkata leading the surge among major cities, while Kochi saw a decline in residential property prices.

Key Points:

• India’s overall House Price Index rose 3.1% in Q4 FY25 compared to the same period last year, matching the growth recorded in Q3 FY25.
• On a quarter-on-quarter basis, the index increased by 0.9%, reflecting steady demand in the housing market.
• Among the 10 major cities surveyed, Kolkata recorded the highest annual growth at 8.8%, while Kochi saw a decline of 2.3%.
• Other cities that witnessed quarterly growth included Bengaluru, Jaipur, Chennai, and Kolkata, indicating regional disparities in housing trends.
• The RBI emphasized the role of house price trends in influencing consumption, residential investment, and credit dynamics, making HPI a key input for economic policymaking.

The Reserve Bank of India has increased the agency commission paid to banks for conducting government business. Digital revenue transactions now attract Rs.12 per transaction (up from Rs.9), while physical transactions remain at Rs.40.

Pension payments commission has risen to Rs.80, and other government payments now yield 7 paise per Rs.100 turnover.

Key Points:

• RBI has raised the agency commission for e-mode government revenue receipts and payments from Rs. 9 to Rs. 12 per transaction.
• Commission for physical-mode revenue transactions remains unchanged at Rs.40 per transaction.
• Pension payment commissions have increased to Rs.80 (from Rs.75) per transaction.
• For other government-related payments, the agency commission is now 7 paise per Rs.100 turnover, up from 6.5 paise.
• The hike is effective April 1, 2025, with the objective of promoting digitization, improving service efficiency, and incentivizing banks to handle government transactions better.

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has officially relocated its Andhra Pradesh regional office from Hyderabad to Vijayawada. The new office was inaugurated by Deputy Governor T. Rabi Sankar on June 16, 2025, marking a key step toward decentralizing financial operations within the state.

Key Highlights:

• The new regional office in Vijayawada will handle departments like banking regulation, foreign exchange, supervision, HR, IT, audit, and more.
• Currency operations will continue to function from the Hyderabad sub-office.
• Deputy Governor T. Rabi Sankar inaugurated the new office, emphasizing improved local access and efficiency.
• The office will be headed by Regional Director Attah Omar Basheer, ensuring administrative oversight for RBI functions in Andhra Pradesh.
• The move aligns with the goal of bringing financial governance closer to Amaravati, the state’s capital region.

The Department of Land Resources, Ministry of Rural Development, has initiated Phase 2 of the NAKSHA capacity-building programme on June 2, 2025. The virtual inauguration by Secretary Manoj Joshi marks the start of a week-long training for 304 officials from 157 Urban Local Bodies at five National Centres of Excellence, enhancing urban land surveying skills using geospatial technologies.

Key Highlights:

• Phase 2 inaugurated virtually on June 2, 2025, by DoLR Secretary Manoj Joshi, focusing on training officials in modern geospatial surveying techniques.
• 304 participants from 157 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) across 27 states and 3 Union Territories are involved in the training.
• Five Centres of Excellence host the programme: LBSNAA (Mussoorie), YASHADA (Pune), MGSIPA (Chandigarh), ATI (Mysuru), and the Northeast CoE (Guwahati).
• Hands-on modules include GNSS & ETS surveying, Web-GIS applications, land parcel mapping, and legal-administrative aspects.
• First phase recap: In May 2025, 160 Master Trainers were certified, preparing them to cascade skills to ULB and district officers.
• Strategic importance: With India’s urban population expected to exceed 600 million by 2031, accurate and verifiable land records are a critical component of urban planning and governance. 

According to TRAI’s Q1 2025 report, India’s total telecom subscriber base crossed 1.2 billion, showing strong rural growth and a rise in wireless usage. While internet subscriptions saw a minor dip, telecom revenue and average user metrics displayed continued upward momentum.

Key Points:

• India’s total telephone subscribers increased from 1,189.92 million in December 2024 to 1,200.80 million in March 2025, registering a 0.91% quarterly growth.
• Rural subscriptions rose from 527.20 million to 534.69 million, with rural teledensity reaching 59.06%, while urban teledensity climbed to 131.45%.
• Internet users slightly declined from 970.16 million to 969.10 million, with marginal dips in both wired and broadband segments.
• Wireless connections increased to 1,163.76 million (up 1.14% QoQ), with mobile-only users at 1,156.99 million and wireless teledensity at 82.42%.
• Average Revenue Per User (ARPU) rose to Rs.182.95, with average usage hitting 1,026 minutes per user monthly. Gross revenue reached Rs.98,250 crore and AGR stood at Rs.79,226 crore.

On June 17, 2025, Honda R&D conducted a groundbreaking test of an experimental reusable rocket in Taiki Town, Hokkaido. The reusable launch vehicle reached 271.4 m altitude, landed within 37 cm of its target after a 56.6 s flight, and demonstrated key technologies for rocket reusability and flight stability.

Key Points:

• Historic Reusability Milestone: Honda R&D successfully launched and recovered a 6.3 m-long reusable rocket weighing around 1,312 kg at liftoff, reaching nearly 300 m altitude—a first for Honda.
• Precision Landing Achieved: The rocket touched down within 37 cm of its target after a flight lasting 56.6 seconds to an altitude of 271.4 m .
• Test Objectives: The trial aimed to validate essential reusable rocket technologies, including flight stability during ascent and descent, accurate landing capability, and recovery operations.
• Test Site & Timing: The experiment took place at Honda’s test facility in Taiki Town, Hokkaido, on June 17, 2025, at 16:15 local time.
• Robust Safety Measures: A 1 km restricted zone was established, secure perimeter controls and safety systems enforced, and flight corridors strictly defined using Japanese government guidelines.
• Broader Space Aspirations: Honda began space research in 2021, focusing on renewable space energy systems, space robotics, and reusable rockets, aiming for a suborbital launch capability by 2029.
• CEO Endorsement: Toshihiro Mibe, Honda’s global CEO, highlighted the company’s technological strengths and commitment to expanding value and sustainability through.

Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman laid the foundation stone for a Mini Planetarium and Astro Globe at the Hanle Dark Sky Reserve on June 16, 2025.

The Rs.2.77 crore project under the Special Development Package aims to promote astro-tourism, science education, night sky programmes, and local employment in Ladakh’s Changthang region. 

Key Points:

• The project, sanctioned at Rs. 276.65 lakh under the SDP, will enhance stargazing facilities, night sky education, and boost local tourism and job creation. 
• The ceremony was held at the MACE Telescope facility, with participation from IIA, BARC scientists, and local officials, including Prof. Annapurni Subramaniam and Dr. K.K. Yadav. 
• Sitharaman highlighted the partnership between scientific institutions and local communities and urged public programmes to spark interest in astrophysics. 
• Her visit also included community interactions—distributing equipment to herders, listening to local concerns, and supporting nomadic livelihoods under CSR initiatives. 
• State officials from Ladakh’s tourism, wildlife, science, and animal husbandry departments were present, underscoring the multi-sectoral nature of the initiative. 

Sweden’s Armand “Mondo” Duplantis broke his own world record for the 12th time by clearing 6.28 meters at the Diamond League meet in Stockholm. The record-setting vault thrilled his home crowd, marking a historic moment in athletics and reinforcing his dominance in the sport.

Key Highlights:

• Armand Duplantis set a new pole vault world record of 6.28 meters at Stockholm’s Olympic Stadium on June 15, 2025.
• This was his 12th world record, and notably, his first to be set in front of a home crowd in Sweden.
• Duplantis cleared every height, including the 6.28m mark, on his first attempt, showing flawless form.
• He emotionally celebrated by ripping off his singlet and embracing his family and girlfriend.
• Duplantis now eyes 6.30 meters, saying the next milestone is “just a few centimetres away.

Delhi Chief Minister Rekha?Gupta on June?17,?2025, opened 33 Ayushman?Arogya?Mandirs and 17 Jan?Aushadhi Kendras in a major expansion of primary healthcare infrastructure. The initiative aims to provide comprehensive, affordable, and accessible health services citywide.

Key Points:

• Rekha Gupta inaugurated 33 Ayushman Arogya Mandirs and 17 Jan Aushadhi Kendras across Delhi to expand primary healthcare access.
• The new centres will offer services such as diagnostic tests, vaccinations, maternal and child care, mental health support, free medicines, and bi-weekly yoga sessions.
• The centres are built to Indian Public Health Standards 2022, with upgraded infrastructure including labs, oxygen support, and breastfeeding rooms.
• Gupta stated these new health centres will replace mohalla clinics, citing mismanagement and underutilization of Rs.2,400 crore by the previous government.
• The Delhi government aims to open over 1,100 such health centres by March 2026, ensuring at least one in every assembly constituency where land is available.

ISRO has successfully carried out the first-ever rocket-based payload launch from Kushinagar, Uttar Pradesh, marking a historic milestone for the state. The launch, in collaboration with Thrust Tech India Limited, opens new avenues for educational and scientific outreach in India's space sector.

Key Points:

• ISRO and Thrust Tech India launched a 15 kg sounding rocket from Kushinagar, Uttar Pradesh on June 14, 2025.
• The rocket reached an altitude of 1.1 km and deployed a small satellite which descended via parachute near the launch site.
• This was the first instance of a rocket-based payload launch in Uttar Pradesh, previously limited to drone-based tests.
• The launch is a precursor to a major campaign in October–November 2025 involving around 900 student-built satellites.
• The initiative promotes space education among students and demonstrates UP’s potential as a hub for aerospace activities.

State-of-the-art wind energy expansion in Karnataka—a record addition of 1,331.48 MW in FY 2024-25—crowned it the top performer nationally, bringing its total installed capacity to 7,351 MW.

The achievement highlights the state's commitment to clean energy, supported by robust infrastructure plans and investment agreements.

Key Points:

• Record Wind Capacity Addition – Karnataka added 1,331.48 MW of new wind power in FY 2024-25, securing the highest increase among all Indian states 
• Award Recognition – Energy Minister K J George received the national accolade from Union Minister Pralhad Joshi during the Global Wind Day 2025 event in Bengaluru 
• Top 3 Rankings – Karnataka topped the list, followed by Tamil Nadu (1,136.37 MW) and Gujarat (954.76 MW) 
• Total Installed Capacity – The state now boasts a total wind power capacity of 7,351 MW, reinforcing its leadership in India’s clean energy landscape 
• Infrastructure & Project Pipeline – Plans are in place for 17 GW of new wind projects, including over 5 GW under the Renewable Energy Cluster Programme, alongside 20+ substations, 400 kV corridors, and a protected Renewable Energy Reserve Zone 
• Investment Momentum – At the 2025 Global Investors Meet, Karnataka secured Rs.4 lakh crore in renewable energy investment agreements—roughly 40% of the state's total investment commitments 
• National Goals – The win supports India’s target of achieving 500 GW of renewables by 2030, with 100 GW from wind energy, including 30 GW from offshore sources 
• India’s Global Wind Status – India ranks fourth globally with a total wind capacity of 51.5 GW, and exported between 3.5 GW and 4 GW worth of wind turbines/modules in FY 2024-25 

India convened the inaugural assembly of the International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) in New Delhi on June 17, 2025. Chaired by Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav, the event brought together member nations to finalize the alliance’s structure, governance, and future roadmap for big cat conservation.

Key Points:

• The first assembly of the International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) was held in New Delhi on June 17, 2025, with participation from 9 member countries.
• Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav chaired the meeting, which marked the official operational launch of the IBCA.
• Member nations approved the alliance's statute and governance structure, and elected India as the permanent headquarters.
• India pledged Rs.150 crore to support IBCA’s institutional development, research, training, and capacity building initiatives.
• The alliance aims to strengthen conservation efforts for seven big cat species — tiger, lion, leopard, snow leopard, cheetah, jaguar, and puma — across range countries.

About the International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA):

• The International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) is a global initiative launched by India to protect and conserve the world’s seven major big cat species — tiger, lion, leopard, snow leopard, cheetah, jaguar, and puma.
• It brings together range countries and conservation partners to collaborate on research, habitat protection, anti-poaching efforts, and capacity building.
• Proposed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2019 and officially launched in 2023, IBCA is headquartered in India, with an initial funding support of Rs.150 crore. It aims to create a unified platform for global action on big cat conservation through cooperation, technical support, and knowledge sharing.

The 51st G7 Summit was held in Kananaskis, Alberta on June 16–17, 2025, under Canada's presidency. Global leaders, including India’s Prime Minister, discussed key issues like climate, AI, Ukraine, and Middle East tensions.

Key Points:

• The 51st G7 Summit was hosted by Canada in Kananaskis, Alberta, marking the second time this scenic venue was chosen after 2002.
• The summit focused on global challenges such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict, Israel-Iran tensions, AI governance, and energy security.
• India was invited as a special guest, with Prime Minister Narendra Modi representing the country and advocating for Global South cooperation and digital inclusion.
• Canada led the launch of a new G7 Critical Minerals Action Plan and introduced collective AI and quantum roadmaps to guide global tech ethics.
• The summit concluded with a chair’s summary instead of a joint communiqué, as the U.S. opted out, and President Trump left early amid rising Middle East tensions.

Key Takeaway:

• The G7 (Group of Seven) is an intergovernmental organization of seven of the world's largest advanced economies: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
• The European Union also participates in all discussions as a non-enumerated member.
• The G7 does not have a permanent headquarters; instead, leadership rotates annually among member nations.
• The G7 discusses and coordinates global economic policy, climate action, geopolitical stability, and emerging technological challenges.

The 2025 Bonn(in Germany) Climate Change Conference (SB62) was held from June 16 to 26, bringing together over 5,000 delegates from nearly 200 countries.

The mid-year UN climate talks focused on climate finance, adaptation, just transition, and structural reforms ahead of COP30 in Belém, Brazil. India played a key role in championing the interests of developing nations.

Key Points:

• The conference hosted the 62nd sessions of the Subsidiary Bodies (SBI & SBSTA), laying the groundwork for decisions at COP30.
• Countries agreed to increase the UNFCCC’s core budget by 10% to €81.5 million for 2026–27, with China and the U.S. among top contributors.
• India led discussions on climate finance transparency, representing the G77+China group and pushing for stronger support to developing countries.
• The talks addressed potential UNFCCC reforms, including proposals for delegation caps, majority voting, and limits on agenda delays.
• Progress was made on the Just Transition Work Programme, but debates on global adaptation goals and the global stocktake remained unresolved.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi arrived in Canada to attend the 51st G-7 Summit in Kananaskis, marking his first visit to Canada in a decade. The trip aims to mend bilateral relations and discuss global priorities like energy security, technology, and terrorism.

Key Points:

Historic Visit:
PM Modi landed at Calgary International Airport to participate in the Group of Seven Summit from June 16–17, 2025—his first visit to Canada since 2015.

Diplomatic Reset:
Invited by Canada’s PM Mark Carney, their bilateral meeting marked the first since the diplomatic row over the killing of Sikh separatist Hardeep Singh Nijjar in 2023. Both leaders agreed to restore high commissioners and resume dialogue.

Global Agenda:
At the summit, Modi spoke at G-7 outreach sessions emphasizing the priorities of the Global South and advocating unified global action against terrorism.

Public Response:
The visit drew contrasting reactions—warm greetings from the Indian diaspora in Calgary, while some Sikh community groups organized protests amid lingering tensions.

This visit is a pivotal move in rebuilding Canada–India relations, showcasing a renewed bilateral focus amid shifting global priorities.

India has dropped to 71st position in the World Economic Forum’s Energy Transition Index (ETI) 2025, down from 63rd in 2024. While the country showed progress in energy efficiency and investment readiness, challenges in infrastructure and regulatory preparedness hindered its overall performance.

Key Points:

• India ranked 71st out of 120 countries in the 2025 Energy Transition Index by the World Economic Forum, with an overall score of 53.3.
• The country showed gains in energy efficiency and equity, including reduced energy intensity and broader access to clean cooking fuels.
• India’s transition readiness score remained low at 42.7, indicating weak regulatory frameworks and insufficient infrastructure for a sustainable energy shift.
• Sweden topped the index, followed by Finland, Denmark, Norway, and Switzerland; China ranked 12th, while the US stood at 17th.
• Despite its challenges, India’s growing clean energy investments and improved energy security underscore its long-term potential in global energy transition.

A legal notice has been issued demanding a probe into the Jungle Ride safari in Kali Tiger Reserve’s Castlerock range. Activists allege it violates wildlife and forest laws by operating in a core zone not approved for tourism.

Key Points:

• A law student from Koppal issued a 60-day notice under Section 55 of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, seeking action against the Jungle Ride safari in the Castlerock range.
• The safari, covering around 50 km through forest and waterfall areas, allegedly operates in a core zone not listed in the Tiger Conservation Plan (2014–2024).
• Activists claim the safari violates NTCA guidelines and forest laws, as Castlerock is not an approved tourism zone and no permissions were taken.
• The use of staff vehicles and promotional signage inside the core sanctuary is said to breach Sections 3A and 3B of the Forest Conservation Act.
• The Kali Tiger Reserve authorities confirmed receipt of the notice, and the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has 60 days to respond before possible legal escalation.

Key Takeaway:

• Kali Tiger Reserve is located in Karnataka and is home to tigers, leopards, elephants, and diverse wildlife.
• The National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) regulates tourism in tiger reserves, allowing it only in buffer zones as per approved plans.
• The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 and Forest Conservation Act, 1980 prohibit unapproved commercial activity in core forest areas.
• This case highlights the tension between eco-tourism and strict environmental protection in India’s tiger reserves.

A recent study has revealed that more than one-fifth of the world’s oceans have darkened between 2003 and 2022, raising concerns about the health of marine ecosystems.

The phenomenon, known as “ocean darkening,” is driven by climate change, runoff, and shifts in marine biology, and could have long-term effects on oceanic life and the planet’s climate.

Key Points:

• Over 21% of the global ocean has darkened over the past two decades, affecting around 75 million square kilometers of marine area.
• In some regions, the sunlit "photic zone" of the ocean has shrunk by 50 to over 100 meters, reducing the depth to which sunlight can penetrate.
• Contributing factors include coastal runoff, changes in plankton communities, altered ocean circulation, and rising sea surface temperatures.
• Ocean darkening threatens marine species dependent on light for feeding, reproduction, and navigation, forcing them into shallower, more competitive zones.
• Scientists warn that this trend could disrupt marine food chains, affect global oxygen and carbon cycles, and challenge future climate and biodiversity stability.