Explanation:

- Option 1: Max Weber

- Weber is famous for his work on social action, authority, and bureaucracy, but he did not distinguish societies by repressive vs. restitutive law.

- Option 2: Henri Maine

- Maine classified societies as "status" vs. "contract" societies, focusing on legal evolution and not specifically using the terms repressive/restitutive law.

- Option 3: Montesquieu

- Montesquieu is known for the separation of powers and did not develop the repressive/restitutive law framework.

- Option 4: Emile Durkheim

- Correct Answer: Durkheim introduced the distinction between repressive law (characteristic of mechanical solidarity) and restitutive law (characteristic of organic solidarity) as a basis for classifying societies.