Explanation:

- Ascriptive norms: These are social expectations based on characteristics that are assigned at birth, such as race, gender, or family background.

- Particularistic social relations: These are relationships that depend on personal connections rather than impersonal systems or universal criteria.

- Option 1: Primitiveness: Often associated with early or undeveloped societies, where traditional and familial ties are strong.

- Option 2: Backwardness: Implies being outdated or less developed, sometimes linked to clinging to older social norms or customs.

- Option 3: Moderness: Refers to advanced, progressive societies, typically characterized by universalistic norms over particularistic ones.

- Option 4: Westerness: Often associated with Western cultures, which lean towards more individualistic and universal social norms.

Correct Answer: Option 1 - Primitiveness

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