ASSOCIATION

An Association is a group of people organized for a particular purpose. It is intentionally/consciously formed.

MacIver

An Association is an organisation deliberately formed for the collective pursuit of some interest or set of interests, which its member shares.

E.g. Club, Pol. Party.

Ginsberg

Association is a group of social beings related to one another by the fact that they possess or have instituted in common and organisation with a view to survive a specific end.

Bogardes

Association is usually working together of people to achieve some purpose.

1. Common purpose/interest/goal: Interest and goal of the members may be different from the interest and goal of the Association.

2. Formation & Membership: It is deliberately or consciously formed. Membership has to be acquired. Membership can be withdrawn also and we can say its voluntarily in nature. Remain in the Association up till time interest is served.

3. Relationship: Relations are formal. It’s developed for facilitation of achieving the goal. Relationship is highly focused in nature also specific in nature. It is impersonal met intimate.

4. Organisation: Association is generally organized in nature.

5. Life: Association continued up till the time goal is achieved.

6. Institutional Set-up: Association develops this set up to achieve location goal.

MacIver & Page

classified two types of association.

1. Specialized : Which are having some specific interest based on utility.

2. Non-specialized: Having some wide goal e.g. welfare of society.

In primitive society no. of association were less, but in modern society it is more.

INSTITUTIONS

Institutions are some complex of rules and regulations over around a particular purpose. Institutions is complex of norms, values, rules & regulations which are woven around a particular purpose (meaningful entity) i.e. marriage.

MacIver

When men create associations they must also create rules and regulations for the dispatch of common business such forms are institutions.

Sumner in Folkways

An institution consists of a concept and structure or (goal/purpose and complex element).

Gillin & Gillin

A social institution is a functional configuration of a cultural pattern* which possess a certain permanence (which is intended to satisfy felt social need.

Institution will be according to their cultural pattern. Sustainable in nature.

Mazumdar

Institutions are collective modes of response, a well defined way of doing thing. Acceptance of collective entity.

1. Complex of rules & regulations. It is abstract in nature.

2. Some purpose or goal behind every institutions.

3. Result of collective response.

4. Institution is sustainable in nature for a long period of tome.

5. It can also be called as mechanism of social control or regulating the individual, which make social life possible.

6. It is cultural specific for the same purpose.

7. Institution has alternatives. There can be more than one institution for a single purpose.

8. Every institution is having some symbol. Some source of identity is there e.g. marriage (Sindur, Mangalsutra etc.)

Goffman’s Total institutions in “Asylum”

There are some institutions in society, which isolate an individual from the society to re-socialize the individual e.g. Asylum Prison, pay boarding school.

Prison: Purpose to re-socialize the individual so it’s a reformative and we can say a total institution.

Sumner’s Enacted and Cresive institutions

Institution can be classified into two ways:

1. Enacted Institution   :Which are intentionally enacted for the dispatch of business

2. Cresive Institution: Whose presence cannot be traced which are naturally existed abstract.