Context:
A herd of 33 rare Kharai camels from Singach village in Gujarat was recently caught in the Arabian Sea tide near Jamnagar while grazing on mangroves — highlighting both their unique habitat and the risks they face.

What Are Kharai Camels?

• Kharai camels are a rare, swimming camel breed native to Gujarat, specially adapted to coastal and saline environments.
• Recognized as India’s ninth camel breed, they are known for their ability to forage in mangrove forests by swimming across shallow seawater.

Habitat and Distribution

• Found mainly in Kutch region: Bhachau, Abdasa, Lakhpat, Devbhoomi Dwarka, and Jamnagar.
• Population: Around 4,000 in Gujarat, with 2,000 in coastal Kutch.
• Inhabit tidal flats, mangrove islands, and swim up to 3 km to reach grazing areas during monsoon.

Cultural and Community Link

• Closely associated with the Rabari and Fakirani Jat communities.
• Reared by Maldharis – traditional pastoralists of Gujarat whose name means "owner of livestock".
• Integral to the nomadic, pastoral economy of the region.
• Name origin: 'Kharai' comes from Gujarati khara meaning "salty", reflecting their saline habitat.

Unique Characteristics

Ecological and Cultural Significance

• Ecological Role: Helps maintain balance in fragile coastal ecosystems through sustainable grazing.
• Cultural Heritage: Symbol of indigenous pastoral knowledge and traditional livestock systems.
• Climate Resilience: Adapted to rising salinity and climate extremes, making them a model for climate-smart livestock in coastal regions.

Conclusion

The Kharai camel is not just a rare breed but a living link between ecology, culture, and climate resilience. Its conservation is essential for preserving both biodiversity and indigenous livelihoods along India’s western coastline.

Source: The Times of India