Explanation:

The Himachal Pradesh state government has taken a significant step towards sustainable development by urging the Union Ministry of Railways to explore the feasibility of converting the Kalka-Shimla UNESCO World Heritage train to run on green hydrogen.

This initiative is part of a broader ambition to transform Himachal Pradesh into a green energy state by March 31, 2026. The state's commitment to renewable energy is underscored by various projects and initiatives aimed at reducing carbon emissions and promoting sustainability.

Himachal Pradesh has long been recognized for its rich natural resources, particularly hydropower. Currently, over 80% of the state's energy needs are met through hydropower, making it one of India's leading states in renewable energy generation. The recent push towards green hydrogen signifies a shift towards diversifying energy sources and enhancing sustainability efforts.

The Kalka-Shimla Railway, a narrow-gauge railway, is renowned for its stunning scenic views and historical significance.

Opened on November 9, 1903, this 96.6-kilometer line connects Kalka, located at an elevation of 2,152 feet, to Shimla, the summer capital of British India, situated at 6,808 feet. The railway was constructed primarily to facilitate access to the highland town during British rule and has since become an iconic representation of India's mountainous railways.

The railway was built under the direction of Herbert Septimus Harington between 1898 and 1903.

It features 103 tunnels and 864 bridges, showcasing remarkable engineering feats, including the world's highest multi-arch gallery bridge and the longest tunnel at Barog at the time of its construction.

This infrastructure was essential for connecting the isolated Himalayan region with the broader Indian rail network. In recognition of its cultural and historical importance, the Kalka-Shimla Railway was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site on July 8, 2008, as part of the Mountain Railways of India.