Context

Researchers at Kolkata’s Bose Institute have developed a genetically modified (GM) pineapple that is resistant to Fusariosis, a severe fungal disease caused by Fusarium moniliforme. The innovation uses genetic engineering to boost the plant’s natural defences, offering a sustainable and chemical-free solution for pineapple farmers.

What Is It?

A GM pineapple variety engineered to resist Fusarium moniliforme by overexpressing the AcSERK3 gene, which enhances the plant’s immune response to fungal attacks.

• Developed by:
  Prof. Gaurab Gangopadhyay and Dr. Soumili Pal, Bose Institute (Department of Science & Technology).

Why Fusariosis Is a Threat

• Causes stem deformities, leaf blackening, and internal fruit rot.
• Leads to major crop losses in pineapple plantations.
• Traditional breeding is ineffective due to the rapid mutation of fungal strains.

How the Antifungal Pineapple Was Created

• The AcSERK3 gene was overexpressed to strengthen the plant’s defence pathways.
• Genetic transformation was done using Agrobacterium-mediated transfer into pineapple explants.
• Resulting transgenic plants showed:
  • Greater stress tolerance
  • Increased antifungal enzyme activity
  • Resistance to Fusarium infection in trials

Key Features of the GM Pineapple

•  Fungal Resistance: Effective against Fusarium moniliforme
• Genetic Stability: Inherited across plant generations
• Eco-Friendly: Reduces dependency on chemical fungicides
•  Sustainable Yield: Enhances crop protection without harmful residues

Significance of the Innovation

• First known case of fungal resistance in pineapple via overexpression of an inherent gene.
• Paves the way for multi-fungal resistance through future field trials and gene stacking.
• Aligns with goals of sustainable agriculture and biotech-driven crop improvement.

Conclusion

This fungus-resistant pineapple represents a breakthrough in agricultural biotechnology, combining genetic engineering with crop sustainability. With further trials and regulatory clearance, it could offer farmers a robust, eco-friendly solution to a persistent fungal threat.

Source: Press Information Bureau (PIB)