Explanation:

Explanation: The Indian Tsunami Early Warning Centre (ITEWC) established at Indian National  Centre for Ocean Information Sciences, (INCOIS - ESSO) Hyderabad, autonomous body under Ministry of Earth Sciences, is being upgraded continuously to provide tsunami advisories for the  events occurring in the global oceans, though it has been recognized as one of the best systems in  the world. The major upgradation work would be Standardization of the Operating Procedures,  bulletin formats and terminologies with warning centres operating in other global basins. To achieve  this, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC of UNESCO) has set up a task team  comprising of experts from tsunami warning centres of all ocean basins, with India as the Chair. The  ITEWC encompasses a real-time seismic monitoring network of 17 broadband seismic stations to  detect tsunamigenic earthquakes, a network of real-time sea-level sensors with 4 Bottom Pressure  Recorders (BPR) in the open ocean and 25 tide gauge stations at different coastal locations monitor  tsunamis and a 24 X 7 operational tsunami warning centre to provide timely advisories to vulnerable  community. It also receives earthquake data from all other global networks to detect earthquakes of  M>6.5. The state-of-the-art early warning centre at INCOIS - ESSO is operational since October 15,  2007 with all the necessary computational and communication infrastructure that enables reception  of real-time data from seismic & sea-level sensors, analysis of the data, tsunami modeling, and  dissemination of tsunami advisories guided by a comprehensive Standard Operating Procedure  (SOP). A host of all available communication technology options have been employed for timely  dissemination of advisories to various designated authorities to deal with effective emergency  response actions as appropriate. The centre is capable of detecting tsunami genic earthquakes  occurring in the whole of Indian Ocean region as well as in the Global Oceans within 10 minutes of  their occurrence and disseminates the advisories to the concerned authorities within 20 minutes  through various modes of communication like email, fax, SMS, GTS and website. Since its inception  in October 2007 to till date, ITEWC has monitored 339 earthquakes of M > 6.5 out of which 63 are  in the Indian Ocean region. ITEWC also acts as one of the Regional Tsunami advisory Service  Provider (RTSP) along with Australia & Indonesia for the Indian Ocean region. As the oceans on  the earth are interconnected, the tsunami waves generated due to any great earthquakes in the  global oceans can affect the Indian Coasts. In order to protect our coasts from tsunamis up-grading  the present system is very essential. Up-gradation of ITEWC will also enhance its capability to  provide tsunami advisories to the other needy countries in the world. The basic infra-structure and  the necessary computational facilities are established while setting up the Indian Tsunami Early  Warning Centre and hence no major hardware upgradations are proposed. The maintenance of the  entire early warning system is carried out with a budget allocation of Rs. 17.00 Crores per annum.  Model simulations required for global operations would be run as part of this itself. Additional data  required for the enhancement of ITEWC for global operations can be obtained by collaborations with  centres operating in other countries. Currently, there are 1800 coastal forecast points covering coastal areas of the entire Indian Ocean region. The necessary actions have been initiated to upgrade the same for covering other the coastal regions.