Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct: The pyramid of biomass in sea is generally inverted because the biomass of fi shes far exceeds that of phytoplankton.
• The base of a pyramid is broad and it narrows down at the apex. One gets a similar shape, whether you express the food or energy relationship between organisms at different trophic level. Thus, relationship is expressed in terms of number, biomass or energy. The base of each pyramid represents the producers or the fi rst trophic level while the apex represents tertiary or top level consumer.
• Statement 2 is correct: Pyramid of energy is always upright, can never be inverted, because when energy fl ows from a particular trophic level to the next trophic level, some energy is always lost as heat at each step. Each bar in the energy pyramid indicates the amount of energy present at each trophic level in a given time or annually per unit area.
• Since only 10% of the energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next, fewer and fewer numbers of individuals can be sustained as we go up the ecological pyramid.