Explanation:

Recently, the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) notified the Rules under the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 (CAA-2019) called “the Citizenship (Amendment) Rules, 2024”. It enables the persons eligible under CAA-2019 to apply for grant of Indian citizenship. 

• Statement 1st is incorrect: The CAA allows non-Muslim migrants from Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan to seek Indian citizenship through naturalisation (not registration), provided they belong to the Hindu, Sikh, Christian, Parsi, Jain, and Buddhist communities who entered India on or before 31st December, 2014. 

• Citizenship is listed in the Union List under the Constitution and thus is under the exclusive jurisdiction of Parliament.

• A person can acquire citizenship by naturalisation if he/she is ordinarily resident of India for 12 years (throughout 12 months preceding the date of application and 11 years in the aggregate) and fulfils all qualifications in the third schedule of the Citizenship Act.

• Statement 2nd is incorrect: The Constitution does not define the term ‘citizen’ but details of various categories of persons who are entitled to citizenship are given in Part 2 (Articles 5 to 11) of the Constitution of India.

• There are four ways in which Indian citizenship can be acquired: birth, descent, registration and naturalisation. The provisions are listed under the Citizenship Act, 1955.

• Statement 3rd is correct: Members of the designated communities under the Act are exempted from criminal cases under the Foreigners Act, 1946, and the Passport Act, 1920, if they entered India before December 31, 2014.

• The two Acts specify punishment for entering the country illegally and staying here on expired visas and permits.

Hence option 2nd is correct.