Explanation:

Both statements are correct.

• In commentaries on China and Taiwan, 'grey zone warfare' crops up in descriptions of Chinese actions around the island that it claims as its own.

About Grey Zone Warfare

• Grey zone warfare generally means a middle, unclear space that exists between direct conflict and peace in international relations.

• It can be broadly defined as the exploitation of operational space between peace and war to change the status quo through the use of coercive actions which remain below a threshold that, in most cases, would prompt a conventional military response.

• Activities characterised as grey zone warfare methods range from the use of proxies for kinetic action or change of territorial status quo through coercion to non-kinetic subversive actions such as cyberattacks, economic coercion, disinformation campaign, election meddling, and more recently, weaponisation of migrants.

• There are typical aspects that tend to be present in most grey zone warfare activities.

• The first is that grey zone elements remain below the threshold that would justify a military response, often through the use of non-military tools. 

• The second common characteristic of grey zone activities is that they unfold gradually over time rather than involving bold, all-encompassing actions to achieve objectives in one step. 

• The third characteristic, which applies to some but not all the activities in this sphere, is a lack of attributability. Most grey zone campaigns involve actions, whereby the aggressor aims for plausible deniability of its action. 

• In cases where grey zone actions are open and attributable, they are justified using extensive legal and political arguments. In addition, aggressors also recruit other countries to their point of view.

• Grey zone campaigns target specific vulnerabilities in the targeted countries.

Hence option 3rd is correct.