Explanation:

Statement II is incorrect: Sweden is the latest country whose membership was ratified by all NATO members.

NATO or North Atlantic Treaty Organization

• NATO, or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, was established on April 4, 1949, with the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty. Its primary purpose is to ensure the collective defense of its member countries against external aggression. The alliance was formed in the context of the Cold War, with its original members seeking mutual protection against the perceived threat of the Soviet Union.

• Collective Defense Commitment: The cornerstone of NATO is Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty, which states that an armed attack against one or more members is considered an attack against all members. This commitment to collective defense underscores the principle of solidarity among NATO countries, and it obliges each member to take action, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area.

• Membership and Expansion: NATO began with 12 founding members, and its membership has grown over the years. As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, there were 30 member countries. NATO has also engaged in a series of post-Cold War enlargements, incorporating countries from Central and Eastern Europe to strengthen stability and security in the region.

• Military Capabilities and Exercises: NATO maintains a combined military force to deter potential adversaries and respond effectively to various security challenges. The alliance conducts regular military exercises and training to enhance interoperability among member forces. These exercises serve to demonstrate readiness, improve coordination, and provide a visible deterrent to potential aggressors.

• Partnerships and Cooperation: NATO engages in partnerships with non-member countries and international organizations to address global security challenges. The alliance collaborates with various partners through initiatives such as the Partnership Interoperability Initiative and the Mediterranean Dialogue. These partnerships aim to promote security and stability beyond NATO's immediate borders.

• Adaptation and Modernization: NATO has undergone significant adaptation and modernization to address emerging security threats and challenges. This includes efforts to strengthen cyber defense capabilities, address hybrid warfare, and respond to new geopolitical realities. NATO continues to evolve to ensure its effectiveness in the face of contemporary security issues while maintaining its commitment to the principles of democracy, individual liberty, and the rule of law.

Why in news?

• Hungary’s parliament has voted to ratify Sweden’s bid to join NATO, bringing an end to more than 18 months of delays, as it seeks to expand in response to Russia’s war on Ukraine.

Hence option 3rd is correct.