Context: Recent developments have highlighted a growing anti-India sentiment in Bangladesh, reminiscent of the wave observed earlier in Maldives. Social media trolls have sparked controversy, leading to a diplomatic standoff between India and Bangladesh. This emerging trend underscores a significant shift in the bilateral relations between the two countries.

Factors fuelling the Anti-India Wave in Bangladesh

• Historical grievances: Some segments of the Bangladeshi population harbor historical grievances, particularly regarding India's role in the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971.

• Perceived interference: Recent political developments in Bangladesh, coupled with allegations of Indian interference in internal affairs (India’s actively siding with Sheikh Hasina), have contributed to the anti-India sentiment.

• Social media influence: Similar to the situation in Maldives, social media platforms have played a pivotal role in amplifying anti-India narratives, further exacerbating tensions between the two nations.

Significance of Bangladesh for India

• Bangladesh is in a geographic position to provide India’s landlocked Northeast with access to the sea.

• It offered India the usage of Bangladesh’s Mongla and Chattogram ports for cargo movement and the development of Assam and Tripura.

• Furthermore, as India’s immediate eastern neighbour and a land bridge to Southeast Asia, Bangladesh is critical for India’s Act East and Neighbourhood First policies.

Implication for Both Countries

• Diplomatic tensions: The brewing anti-India sentiment has strained diplomatic relations between India and Bangladesh, potentially undermining years of bilateral cooperation and goodwill.

• Regional stability: As two neighboring countries, India and Bangladesh share a crucial relationship that impacts regional stability and security. Any deterioration in relations could have broader implications for South Asian geopolitics.

• Economic cooperation: A reduction in Indian imports may force Bangladesh to import from China. It will increase Bangladesh’s dependence on China.

• It will impact Bangladesh’s corporate sector, particularly in software and service-based businesses, as well as the hiring of Indian skilled workers and experts in Bangladesh.

Transformation in India’s global image

• India's global image has transformed and it signifies its emergence as a dynamic player in the evolving geopolitical landscape, navigating complex international relations while pursuing its strategic interests and aspirations for global leadership. This shift is evident in several aspects:

• Evolving Diplomatic Alliances: India's diplomatic engagements have expanded beyond its historical allies to include new partners, particularly in the Indo-Pacific region.

• Example: The Quad alliance comprising India, the United States, Japan, and Australia aims to promote a free and open Indo-Pacific, reflecting India's strategic recalibration.

• Economic Aspirations and Power Dynamics: India's robust economic growth and aspirations for global leadership have influenced its foreign policy priorities.

• Example: Initiatives like the 'Make in India' campaign and participation in multilateral trade agreements signify India's ambition to enhance its economic stature on the world stage.

• Security and Defense Cooperation: India's focus on bolstering its defense capabilities and security partnerships has reshaped its global positioning.

• Example: Defense agreements with countries like the United States and France demonstrate India's proactive approach to safeguarding its interests in an evolving geopolitical landscape.

• Multilateral Engagements: India's active involvement in multilateral forums reflects its desire to shape global discourse and policies.

• Example: Leadership roles in organizations like the United Nations and participation in climate change initiatives highlight India's commitment to addressing global challenges.

Additional Facts

• India shares a 4,100-km-long border with Bangladesh. Bilateral trade between the countries exceeded USD 15 billion in 2021-22.

• India is Bangladesh’s biggest trading partner.

• Bangladesh depends on India for essential imports, including raw materials, machinery, and agricultural goods.

• India gains from Bangladesh’s exports of its garments, textiles, and medicines.

International Forums where India and Bangladesh are Common Members

1. South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)

2. Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC)

3. Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation (IORA)

• Major Issues Between India and Bangladesh: Teesta River Water Dispute, illegal migration, trafficking, Rohingya Issue.