Context: Pine Labs and Udaan are among the latest companies planning to shift their holding companies to India, joining a trend observed among well-funded and highly valued startups.

• This move, often referred to as 'reverse flipping'.

About Reverse flipping

• 'Reverse flipping' is a term used to describe the trend where overseas startups relocate their domicile to India and subsequently list on Indian stock exchanges.

• Reverse flipping represents the opposite of the flipping trend.

• Flipping refers to the process where an Indian company becomes a 100% subsidiary of a foreign entity after relocating its headquarters overseas, including transferring intellectual property (IP) and other assets.

• In this context, startups that had previously moved their holding companies outside India are now contemplating a strategic return.

• This shift is driven by the substantial maturation of the startup ecosystem in India, making it an attractive location for these companies to operate.

• The presence of an untapped pool of domestic retail investors, seeking opportunities to invest in promising emerging companies, adds to the appeal.

• Furthermore, recent government initiatives are streamlining the process for startups to go public, enhancing the attractiveness of the reverse flipping option.

Some reasons for reverse flipping include:

• Access to venture capital

• Favourable tax regimes

• Better intellectual property protection

• Favourable government policies

How is it done?

• Executing a reverse flip is a complex process, and startups contemplating this reversal must navigate through a maze of regulations.

• Common methods include share swaps and mergers, with potential requirements for approval from the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT).

• Reverse flipping can pose significant tax consequences when a startup's valuation has substantially increased since its initial flip.

• The process may be viewed as a 'transfer of assets,' triggering capital gains tax implications in India and potentially in foreign jurisdictions as well.

• Reverse flipping can technically result in a change in beneficial ownership, posing a risk to accumulated losses set-off against future profits.

• Start-ups must also navigate exchange control regulations when repatriating funds or assets to India, ensuring compliance with all relevant regulations.