Context: Neuralink has implanted its brain-computer interface in a human, according to an announcement made by South African-born American billionaire entrepreneur Elon Musk, who co-founded the privately-held neurotechnology company with Max Hodak and others in 2016.

About the Neuralink

• The Neuralink is a compact device that is surgically embedded within the human brain to revolutionize the treatment of neurological disorders like ALS (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and Parkinson's disease.

• It is a kind of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) that will establish direct communication pathways between the human brain and computers.

About the Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs)

• The Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) is a system that captures and translates brain activity into commands, enabling direct control of devices or applications without physical movement.

• It bypasses traditional neuromuscular pathways, offering a novel method of interaction, especially beneficial for individuals with severe physical impairments.

How It Works?

• It utilizes devices like headsets or caps fitted with sensors to detect brain signals.

• A computer analyzes the brain activity to identify the user's intent using sophisticated algorithms.

• The system sends commands to the intended device or application based on interpreted brain activity.

• The users receive feedback from the controlled device, aiding in adapting and refining their control over the system.

The Core of BCIs

• Neurons in the brain communicate through electrochemical signals, forming networks that manage bodily functions and cognitive processes.

• These signals generate detectable electrical activity, measured by BCIs to interpret user intentions.

• BCIs do not read thoughts but detect patterns related to specific cognitive processes or responses to stimuli.

Applications of BCIs

• It can enable communication, controlling prosthetic limbs, and administering therapies for those with physical disabilities.

• It can operate personal computers, environmental controls, and power wheelchairs.

• It can be used to enhance video games, virtual reality experiences, and monitoring attention levels in demanding jobs.

• It can assess emotional and cognitive reactions to marketing stimuli.