The Spaghetti Bowl Effect is seen in the news from time to time it is related to ........

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The Spaghetti Bowl Effect is seen in the news from time to time, it is related to:

China's policy toward Southeast Asian countries.

The migrant influx and its impact on a nation's domestic economy.

The proliferation of free trade agreements endangering WTO's position.

Threat to biodiversity due to climate change.

Explanation:

The spaghetti bowl effect refers to the proliferation of free trade agreements (FTAs), which have supplanted multilateral World Trade Organization negotiations as an alternative path to globalization. The term was coined by Jagdish Bhagwati in his 1995 paper "US Trade Policy: The Infatuation with Free Trade Agreements," in which he openly criticized FTAs as paradoxically counterproductive in promoting freer and more open global trade. Too many crisscrossing FTAs, according to Bhagwati, would allow countries to adopt discriminatory trade policies, reducing the economic benefits of trade.