Explanation:

Option a is not correct: The Sultan headed the judiciary and was the final court of appeal in both civil and criminal matters. Next to Sultan was the qazi-ul mumalik (or qazi-ul quzzat), the chief judge of the Sultanate. Option b is not correct: Criminal law was based on regulations framed for the purpose by the rulers. Criminal law was not based on Sharia. Option c is not correct: The Hindus, in cases of civil matters, were governed by their own personal laws. It was dispensed by the panchayats in the villages and by the leaders of the various castes in the cities. Muslims were governed by Islamic laws in civil matters. Option d is correct: The chief Qazi headed the legal system and heard appeals from the lower courts. The Qazis dispensed civil law based on the Muslim law (Sharia).