Consider the following statements 1 In a seismograph P waves are recorded carlier than S waves ...........

Geography Earth Geology

Consider the following statements :

1. In a seismograph, P waves are recorded carlier than S waves.

2. In P waves, the individual particles vibrate to and fro in the direction of wave propagation whereas in S waves, the particles vibrate up and down at right angles to the direction of wave propagation.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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1 only

2 only

Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2

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Explanation:

Both statements are correct regarding seismic waves :

P-waves (Primary waves): These are the first waves to be detected by a seismograph during an earthquake. They travel the fastest and can move through solids, liquids, and gases. This is why they are recorded earlier than S waves on a seismograph.
S-waves (Secondary waves): These waves come after P-waves and move slower than P-waves. They can only travel through solids. The movement of particles in S-waves is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation, giving them a shearing, side-to-side motion. On the other hand, the particles in P-waves move back and forth in the direction of wave propagation.
Hence, the correct answer is "Both 1 and 2".