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Context: The Computer Emergency Response Team of India (CERT-In) has reported that ransomware attacks are not only motivated by money but also by geopolitical conflicts.
Ransomware is a type of malicious software or malware that is designed to block access to a computer system, network, or data until a ransom is paid. E.g., WannaCry (2017), Petya/NotPetya (2017); GandCrab (2018).
India saw a 53 per cent increase in ransomware incidents in 2022 (year-over-year) and IT and ITeS was the majorly impacted sector followed by finance and manufacturing.
Ransomware players targeted critical infrastructure organisations and disrupted critical services in order to pressurise and extract ransom payments in 2022.
Variant wise, Lockbit was a majorly seen variant in the Indian context followed by Makop and DJVU/Stop ransomware.
Many new variants were observed in 2022 such as Vice society, BlueSky etc.
In 2022, a massive ransomware attack disrupted the systems at the All India Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS), crippling its centralised records and other hospital services.
According to the CERT-In report, at the large enterprise level, Lockbit, Hive and ALPHV/BlackCat, Black Basta variants became major threats, whereas Conti, which was very active in the year 2021, became extinct in the first half of the year 2022.
Makop and Phobos ransomware families mainly targeted medium and small organisations.
At individual level, Djvu/Stop variants continued dominance in attacks over the past few years.
Most of the ransomware groups are exploiting known vulnerabilities for which patches are available.
Some of the product wise vulnerabilities being exploited are in tech companies like Microsoft, Citrix, Fortinet, SonicWall, Sophos, Zoho. and Palo Alto etc.
Ransomware gangs are commonly using Microsoft Sysinternals utilities such as PsExec for lateral movements.
On an average, the restoration time is about 10 days for infections in reasonably large infrastructure networks.
Budapest Convention on Cybercrime (2004, the first international treaty that seeks to address Internet and cybercrime by harmonizing national laws)—India is not a signatory.
Policies: National Cyber Security Policy 2013; National Cyber Security Strategy 2020
Schemes: Cyber Surakshit Bharat Yojana (2018, MeITY+ NeGD+ Industry)—to create awareness programs on cyber security; Cyber Swachhta Kendra (free Botnet Cleaning and Malware Analysis tools)
Institutions: Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre(I4C) (est. in 2018; under Home Ministry)—to combat cybercrime in India in a comprehensive and coordinated manner; National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre (NCIIPC); National Cyber Coordination Centre (NCCC) (under CERT-In).
Continuous efforts are needed to Secure (National Cyberspace), Strengthen (Structures, People, Processes, and Capabilities), and Synergise (Resources including Cooperation and Collaboration) in the field of cyberspace in India.
The Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (est. 2004; HQ: New Delhi) is an office within the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.
It is the nodal agency to deal with cyber security threats like hacking and phishing.
It strengthens the security-related defence of the Indian Internet domain.
By: Shubham Tiwari ProfileResourcesReport error
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