The 39 tinkathia system rsquo associated with the Champaran movement was actually ........

Modern Indian History 1921-1932

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The 'tinkathia system’ associated with the Champaran movement was actually

A solution devised by Gandhi to end the exploitation of peasants by European planters

A system that made peasants cultivate indigo on part of their land at unremunerative prices

A division of land that was held by the European planters in the name of peasants

A three-pronged separation of peasants on the basis of caste, gender and religion

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Explanation:

There had been sporadic resistance in Champaran since the 1860s to the 'tinkathia system by which European planters holding thikadari leases from the big zamindars made peasants cultivate indigo on part of their land at unremunerative prices. As indigo declined from about 1900 in face of competition from synthetic dyes, the planters tried to pass the burden on the peasants by charging sharahbeshi (rent-enhancement) or tawan (lump-sum compensation) in return for releasing them from the obligation to grow indigo. Widespread resistance developed in the Motihari-Bettiah region between 1905-08, and even after it continued. It was as a part of this on-going confrontation that Raj Kumar Shukla, a prosperous peasant cum-petty moneylender, contacted Gandhi at the Lucknow Congress of 1916. This became the historic Champaran movement.