Explanation:

Lord Rippon is considered to be Father of India's Local Self Government. Rippon's resolutions of 1881 and 1882 can be considered as origin of modern local government in India. Post independence, few experiments were carried out for revival of villages. 1^st being, Community Development Programme (CDP) launched on 2^nd Oct, 1952; Another was National Extension Scheme in 1953. Both were trapped by red tapism. To address this problem, Government of India appointed series of committes on panchayati raj institutions (PRI).

1. Balwantrai Mehta Committee 1957. It suggested 3-tier Panchayati Raj System. It recommended transfer of power and responsibilities to democratic bodies. System should be evolved to effect further devolution of authority in future. Rajasthan was first to establish PRI in Nagaur Oct 2, 1959, followed by Andhra Pradesh.
2. Ashok Mehta Committe 1977:  2-tier system should replace 3-tier PRI system. PRIs should have powers of taxation to mobilise their own resources. It demanded for constitutional recommendation of PRIs. Seats for SC/ST to be reserved on basis of their population.
3. Dantwala Committee on Block-Level Planning 1978
4. Hanumantha Rao Committee Report on District Planning 1984
5. GVK Rao Committee 1985:  It concluded that excessive  bureaucratisation of development process weakend PRIs. It recommended: (i) Zila parishad should be of pivotal importance at district level; (ii) some of functions at state level be transferred to PRIs for effective decentralised district planning; (iii) post of District Development Commissioner should be created; (iv) elections should be held regularly
6. L M Singhvi Committee 1986: Revitalization of PRI for demcoracy and development.  It recommended: (i) constitutional recognition, protection and preservation of PRIs; (ii) regular, free and fair elections; (iii) nyaya panchayat for cluster of villages; (iv) gram panchayat = direct democracy; (v)more financial resources to villages; (vi) judicial tribunals for matters relating to PRI
7. Thungon Committee 1988 to examine the political and administrative structure in the district for the purpose of district planning. It recommended: (i)3-tier system of PRIs; (ii) tensure fixed for 5 years and maximum period of super session is 6 months; (iii) reservation of seats according to population especially for women; (iv) Set up state level finance commission which would lay down criteria for devolution of finance to PRI
8. Gadgil Committee 1988 on how to make PRIs effective: It recommended: (i) Contituitonal status to PRI; (ii) 3-tier system and members of panchayat elected at all levels; (iii) Fixed term i.e. 5 years, elections conducted by State Election Commission; (iv) Reservation for SCs/ STs/ Women; (v) Devolution of powers - power to levy, collect and apporpriate taxes and duties