Explanation:

• Statement 1 is incorrect: Gondwana coal has less carbon content due to its young age.
• Statement 3 is incorrect: Jharkhand has the highest coal reserves in India.
• Supplementary notes: Coal Reserves in India Jharia coalfi eld is a large coal fi eld located in the east of India in Jharia, Jharkhand.
• Jharia represents the largest coal reserves in India having estimated reserves of 19.4 billion tonnes of coking coal.
• Located in north-east India, the state of Jharkhand top the list of India’s coal reserves — at more than 26% — and production.
• The state’s main coal-mining centres are Jharia, Bokaro, Auranga, Giridh, Dhanbad, Ramgarh, Karanpur and Hutar.
• Most of these coal fi elds are located in a narrow belt that runs east to west.
• Gondwana coal Gondwana coal makes up to 98 per cent of the total reserves and 99 per cent of the production of coal in India.
• Satpuras, denudation [weathering + erosion] has exposed coal bearing Gondwana strata.
• The carbon content in Gondwana coal [250 million years old] is less compared to the Carboniferous coal [350 million years old] [Almost Absent in India] because of its much younger age.
• Gondwana coal forms India’s metallurgical grade as well as superior quality coal.
• The Damuda series (i.e., Lower Gondwana) possesses the best worked coal fi elds accounting for 80 per cent of the total coal production in India.
• 80 out of 113 Indian coal fi elds are located in the rock systems of the Damuda series [lower Gondwana Age].
• Tertiary coal Tertiary coal is 15 to 60 million years old.
• Its carbon content is very low and is mainly con fi ned to the extra-Peninsula [Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh etc.] Coal generally has low carbon and high percentage of moisture and Sulphur. [It takes few hundred million years for the carbon content to improve].
• Important areas of Tertiary coal include parts of Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Himalayan foothills of Darjeeling in West Bengal, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan.