Explanation:

Only statement 2nd is correct.

• Essential Services Maintenance Act (ESMA) is an act of Parliament (but its execution rests entirely on the discretion of the State government in normal circumstances), which was established to ensure the delivery of certain services, which if obstructed would affect the normal life of the people.

• This include services like public transport (bus services), health services (doctors and hospitals).

• (Maintainable of) Essential Services is a Concurrent List subject in the 7th Schedule of Constitution. It helps Parliament maintain national uniformity by providing minimum conditions of essential services across the nation.

• For any violations in specific regions, State governments alone or together with other state government can enforce their respective act. Each state has a separate state Essential Services Maintenance Act with slight variations from the central law in its provisions.

Hence option 1st is correct.