Explanation:

Jainism came into prominence in 6th century B.C., when Lord Mahavira propagated the religion. There were 24 great teachers, the last of whom was Lord Mahavira. These twenty-four teachers were called Tirthankaras-people who had attained all knowledge (Moksha) while living and preached it to the people. The first Tirthankara was Rishabnatha. The word ‘Jain’ is derived from jina or jaina which means the ‘Conqueror’. Cause of Origin Hinduism had become rigid and orthodox with complex rituals and the dominance of Brahmanas. Varna system divided the society into 4 classes based on birth, where the two higher classes enjoy several privileges. Kshatriyas' reaction against the domination of the Brahmanas. Spread of new agricultural economy in north-eastern India due to the use of iron tools. Tenets of Jainism Belief in God: Jainism recognised the existence of god but placed them lower than Jina (Mahavira). It did not condemn the varna system but attempted to mitigate the evils of the varna order and the ritualistic Vedic religion. According to Mahavira, a person is born in higher or lower varna as the consequence of the sins or the virtues in the previous birth. Thus, Jainism believes in the transmigration of the soul and the theory of Karma.