Explanation:

? Article 368 provides for two types of amendments, that is, by a special majority of Parliament and also through the ratification of half of the states by a simple majority. But, some other articles provide for the amendment of certain provisions of the Constitution by a simple majority of Parliament, that is, a majority of the members of each House present and voting (similar to the ordinary legislative process). Notably, these amendments are not deemed to be amendments of the Constitution for the purposes of Article 368. ? Amendment by Simple Majority of Parliament: A number of provisions in the Constitution can be amended by a simple majority of the two Houses of Parliament outside the scope of Article 368. These provisions include: o Admission or establishment of new states. o Formation of new states and alteration of areas, boundaries, or names of existing states. o Abolition or creation of legislative councils in states o Quorum in Parliament. o Salaries and allowances of the members of Parliament. o Rules of procedure in Parliament. o Privileges of the Parliament, its members, and its committees. ? Amendment related to the Election of the President and its manner and the Representation of states in Parliament require a special majority of the Parliament and also the consent of half of the state legislatures. ? Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.