Which of the statements given below are correct 1 Asthenosphere is associated with the upper layer o...........

Geography and Environment (UPPCS) World climates

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Which of the statements given below are correct?

1. Asthenosphere is associated with the upper layer of the earth's mantle (below the

lithosphere) whereas Barysphere is associated with inner layer of the earth’s core

(below outer core)

2. The main mineral constituents of the continental mass are silica and alumina.

3. The oceanic crust mainly consists of silica and iron.

Choose appropriate answer from the codes given below:

2&3 only

1&2 only

1&3 only

1,2&3 only

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Explanation:

Statement (1) and (2) are correct. Statement (3) is incorrect as the oceanic crust mainly
consists of silica and magnesium (not iron).
The main mineral constituents of the continental mass are silica and alumina. It is thus
called sial (si-silica and al-alumina). The oceanic crust mainly consists of silica and
magnesium; it is therefore called sima (si-silica and ma-magnesium)
The innermost layer, the core, is mainly made up of nickel and iron and is called nife (ni –
nickel and fe – ferrous i.e. iron).
Classification based on physical state:
1. Lithosphere: The top most solid layer is called lithosphere. It is up to 100 km deep
including crust and some portion of upper mantle.
2. Aesthenosphere: It is the second plastic layer under lithosphere. It stretches from
100 km to 400km.
3. Mesosphere: It is an intermediate layer lying from 400km to 700km in depth.
4. Pyrosphere: It includes semi solid lower mantle and outer liquid crust. Because of
very high temperature it gets its name. ‘Pyros’ means fire.
5. Barrysphere: It is the inner most solid core of the earth stretching from 5150km to
6371km.