Explanation:

Explanation :

Meerut Conspiracy Case (1929)

• The Meerut conspiracy case was of immense political significance for the Indian working-class movement because it was a conspiracy of the British Government against the rise of Communism in India.
• The government arrested 31 labour leaders on the charge of conspiracy in March 1929, and after a three-and-a-half-year trial, Muzaffar Ahmed, S.A. Dange, Joglekar, Philip Spratt, Ben Bradley, Shaukat Usmani, and others were convicted. The trial received worldwide attention, but it weakened the working-class movement.
• A watershed moment in Indian national liberation history. It occurred during a period when the whole capitalist world was struggling from the Great Depression, while the newly formed socialist state of Soviet Russia was making remarkable progress.
• During this time, violent working-class movements reached unprecedented heights, with the majority of them led by communists and revolutionaries.
• March 15, 1929, when the District Magistrate of Meerut issued arrest warrants for the suspects. Just the day before, India's Governor-General, Lord Irwin, gave his approval to prosecute under Section 121-A of the Indian Penal Code.
• 31 communists/labour leaders were arrested in various parts of India on March 20, 1929. The majority of them were well-known individuals in the labour movement and trade unions.
• Thirteen came from Bombay, ten from Bengal, five from Uttar Pradesh, three from Punjab, and three from England.
• Eight members of the All India Congress Committee were detained, as were nearly all of the executive committee members of the newly formed WPP. Their arrest was preceded by extensive raids and searches of their homes.
• Meerut was carefully chosen as the location for the trial. The authorities primarily desired to avoid a jury trial. The case would have been tried by the High Court with a jury in both Bombay and Calcutta, two major centres of communist activity.
• Unlike in past 'communist conspiracy' cases, the Meerut inmates intended to use the court as a forum to spread their agenda as much as possible.
• Muzaffar Ahmad urged Adhikari that they should use the Sessions Court as a forum for political declarations and that they should prepare themselves by studying.
• RS Nimbkar publicly introduced the general statement on behalf of all the defendants.
• The accused's "major achievements," according to the Additional Sessions Judge, were the "creation of the Workers and Peasants Parties."
• The entire trial gained widespread media attention and elicited global solidarity from the working class.
• The Meerut trial was perhaps remarkable in that it was accompanied by a significant solidarity initiative in the form of an organized campaign in India and overseas, mainly in the United Kingdom.
• The arrests were condemned by the Comintern, and British workers and communists formed a strong solidarity campaign. They raised money for the detainees.
• Throughout the trial, the radical British press raised the subject and expressed sympathy for the prisoners.
• From 1929 to the end of 1933, the Meerut prisoners' solidarity movement grew into a militant political force that aided in the formation of a favorable public attitude in support of India's battle for independence.