With reference to urban local governance in India consider the following statements 1 Under directiv...........

Indian Political System(PCS) Panchayati Raj Instiutions

With reference to urban local governance in India, consider the following statements:

1. Under directive principles of state policy, Article 40 directs the State to organize municipalities in urban areas.

2. The Indian Constitution provides for nagar panchayats for an area in transition from rural to urban.

3. As per the Twelfth Schedule of the Indian Constitution, cattle pounds are the responsibility of the urban local bodies.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only

1, 2 and 3

2 only

2 and 3 only

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Explanation:

Directive Principles of State Policy have been provided under Part IV of the Indian Constitution (Article 36 - Article 51). Article 40 directs the state to take steps to organize village panchayats and endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of self-government. It does not say anything about urban local bodies (or municipalities). Hence statement 1 is not correct.
The Constitution (74th Amendment) Act, 1992 provides that the urban areas would be governed by one of the three mentioned types of urban local governments namely the Nagar Panchayat, Municipal Council, and Municipal Corporation based on the size of the area. Nagar Panchayats were to administer areas in transition from rural to urban areas, municipal councils to administer small urban areas, and municipal corporations for larger urban areas. Article 243Q of the Indian Constitution also provides for the constitution of the following municipalities:
a Nagar Panchayat (by whatever name called) for a transitional area, that is to say, an area in transition from a rural area to an urban area; Hence statement 2 is correct.
a Municipal Council for a smaller urban area; and
a Municipal Corporation for a larger urban area
The Twelfth Schedule of the Indian Constitution provides for the powers, authority, and responsibilities of Municipalities. This schedule was added by the 74th Amendment Act of 1992. It has 18 matters or subjects. And one such subject is cattle pounds and the prevention of cruelty to animals. Hence statement 3 is correct.