Explanation:

• Disguised Unemployment o It is a situation in which more people are doing work than actually required. Even if some are withdrawn, production does not suffer. In other words, it refers to a situation of employment with surplus manpower in which some workers have zero marginal productivity. Hence option (b) is the correct answer. o Overcrowding in agriculture due to the rapid growth of the population and lack of alternative job opportunities may be cited as the main reasons for disguised unemployment in India. o Note: ? Casual Unemployment: When a person is employed on a day-to-day basis, casual unemployment may occur due to short-term contracts, shortage of raw materials, fall in demand, change of ownership, etc. ? Chronic Unemployment: If unemployment continues to be a long-term feature of a country, it is called chronic unemployment. The rapid growth of the population and inadequate level of economic development on account of the vicious circle of poverty are the main causes of chronic unemployment.