Explanation:

- Option 1: Copernicus

- Nicolaus Copernicus proposed the heliocentric model where the Sun is at the center, and the Earth and other planets revolve around it.

- This theory was published in his work, "De revolutionibus orbium coelestium."

- Option 2: Kepler

- Johannes Kepler expanded on Copernicus' model by detailing the elliptical orbits of planets, known as Kepler's laws of planetary motion.

- Option 3: Galileo

- Galileo Galilei provided evidence supporting the heliocentric model through telescopic observations, such as the phases of Venus.

- Option 4: Newton

- Isaac Newton formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation, mathematically explaining how planets revolve around the Sun.

Your intuition is right in choosing Nikolai Copernicus as the pivotal figure in establishing the heliocentric model. ??