The Chinese traveler Yuan Chwang Hiuen Tsang who visited India recorded the general conditions and c...........

Ancient and Medival History Gupta and Post Gupta

The Chinese traveler Yuan Chwang (Hiuen Tsang) who visited India recorded the general conditions and culture of India at

that time. In this context, which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. The roads and river-routes were completely immune from robbery.

2. As regards punishment for offences, ordeals by fire, water and poison were the instruments for determining the innocence or guilt of a person.

3. The tradesmen had to pay duties at ferries and barrier stations.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

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Explanation:

Violent crime was rare, but the roads and river routes were exposed to brigands as Hiuen - tsang fell victim to them more than once. Criminal law was exceptionally severe. Imprisonment for life was the ordinary penalty for violation of the statute law and conspiracy against the sovereign; prisoners were not treated as human beings. but on festive and

joyous occasions they were, however, released. The punishment was of cruel nature as mutilation of the nose, ears, hands or feet being inflicted as the penalty of serious offences. Sometimes the offenders were deported to another country. Ordeals by fire, water or poison were sometimes taken recourse to establish the innocence or guilt of a person. The severity of the criminal law acted as a deterrent to violation of law.

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