Explanation:

- The UN Security Council consists of 15 members, but only five are permanent.

- These permanent members have special privileges, including veto power.

- Permanent members include France, China, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Russia.

- France: A founding member and a permanent one since the UN's inception.

- China: Holds a permanent seat, originally held by the Republic of China, now represented by the People's Republic of China since 1971.

- Japan: Not a permanent member but has been a non-permanent member several times.

- United Kingdom: One of the original founders and permanent members.

Therefore, the country that is not a permanent member is:

- Japan