Explanation:

- In September 2018, a memorandum of understanding was signed between India and another country to share expertise on Gaganyaan, ISRO's first manned space mission.

- Option 1: Germany - Germany has a longstanding partnership with India in various technological and scientific areas but is not the partner for Gaganyaan.

- Option 2: Italy - Italy collaborates with India on multiple space and research projects but was not the country to sign this particular MOU.

- Option 3: Spain - Spain works with India in technology sectors but did not sign this MOU regarding Gaganyaan.

- Option 4: France - ???? France has been a major partner in India's space missions, and in September 2018, ISRO and the French space agency CNES signed the agreement to support Gaganyaan.

Correct Answer: Option 4 - France