Explanation:

Let’s break it down:

- Anaemia: Low red blood cell count changes the average age of circulating red cells, so HbA1c readings can be skewed—typically higher.

- Iron deficiency: It can lead to falsely higher HbA1c levels. That’s because older red blood cells build up more sugar.

- Pregnancy: Blood turnover changes, iron status often shifts, and all this can mess with HbA1c values.

- Loss of memory: Here’s the thing—memory loss has nothing to do with hemoglobin or blood sugar chemistry. No link at all.

Correct Answer:

- Option 4: Loss of memory