Explanation:

- Option 1: Physics

- The Askaryan effect is indeed associated with physics.

- It describes the phenomenon where a particle interacts with a dense medium, producing a shower of secondary particles and leading to coherent radio wave emission.

- This effect is used in detecting high-energy neutrinos in astrophysics.

- Option 2: Geology

- Geology deals with Earth's physical structure and substance.

- The Askaryan effect is not connected to geological phenomena.

- Option 3: Chemistry

- Chemistry is the study of matter and its interactions.

- The Askaryan effect does not pertain to chemical principles.

- Option 4: Biology

- Biology is the study of living organisms.

- The Askaryan effect has no relevance to biological sciences.

Option 1: Physics is the correct answer. .