Explanation:

- Option 1: Chalukyas

- Badami, originally called Vatapi, served as the earliest capital of the Chalukyas.

- The Chalukyas established their rule in the region during the 6th century.

- Option 2: Sungas

- The Sungas did not establish their capital at Badami.

- They succeeded the Mauryan Empire and were based in North India.

- Option 3: Pallavas

- The Pallavas ruled primarily in the southern Indian region.

- Kanchipuram was their prominent capital, not Badami.

- Option 4: Mauryas

- The powerful Mauryan Empire's capitals included Pataliputra, not Badami.

- The empire existed much before the Chalukyas.

Correct Answer:

- Option 1: Chalukyas